I am new to this forum and also new with using CST microwave studio. I have a question. When calculating port extension coefficient, sometimes I got minimum and maximum value for K, why this happens ? is there something wrong with the design ? If not, which one I should select because there is deference between the results when simulating with min and max K.
Mohamed Ahmed Maher
When working with the CST port extension coefficient (K-factor) in antenna simulations, encountering both minimum and maximum values for K is understandable and reflects specific aspects of the simulation and antenna behavior. Here's a breakdown:
Understanding K-factor:
- The K-factor accounts for the difference between the simulated antenna's near-field behavior and its far-field radiation characteristics.
- It scales the calculated near-field radiated power to estimate the far-field power density.
- K typically assumes a single value depending on the antenna and simulation setup.
Minimum and Maximum K-values:
- However, CST sometimes reports both minimum and maximum K-values. This reflects the variability of the K-factor within the defined port region.
- This variability can arise due to:Antenna geometry: Complex geometries may have uneven near-field distributions resulting in different K-values across the port aperture. Frequency response: K-factor can change with frequency due to varying antenna resonances and radiation patterns. Port type: Specific port types, like waveguide ports, might introduce additional complexities affecting K-values.
Interpreting the Range:
- The average K-value typically provides a reliable representation of the overall far-field power.
- The difference between minimum and maximum K-values indicates the level of non-uniformity in the near-field distribution.
- A large difference suggests more complex near-field behavior and potential limitations of using a single average K-value.
Recommendations:
- Consider using the average K-value for most practical applications.
- Analyze the K-factor distribution if a precise understanding of near-field non-uniformity is crucial.
- Adjust port size or type, or refine the simulation frequency depending on the desired level of detail and accuracy.
- Consult CST documentation or support for further guidance on interpreting K-factor variations in your specific case.
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