What do we know about the severity of COVID-19 in infants, children and adults with CHD. Have there been any studies reporting infection in such populations? Historically, infants with CHD do have a worse prognosis with at least some respiratory infections. Factors to keep in mind include COVID-19's milder course in children and also the new PIMS-TS/Kawasaki-like Disease.
Can anyone direct me towards any research related to COVID-19 in CHD patients?
Ijaz Durrani
Yes have seen this. But it's more a speculative report."To date, there are no published reports of patients with congenital heart disease and COVID-19 infection, albeit they are bound to come."
"None of the studies described children with congenital heart disease and COVID-19, and thus the effect of the virus on this specific patient population is not clear"
"To date, there are no published studies on COVID-19 in adult patients with congenital heart disease"
I think this gap offers a rich potential for research.
There was a reported case of covid-19 in a newly born infant
Wisam Ali Hussein Al-Lami Yes there are a few reports on COVID-19 in neonates (links given below), but still none of them were stated to have any congenital heart defect:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30140-1/fulltext
Article Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and infants...
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2763787
https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-first-case-neonatal-infection-due-articulo-S2341287920300533
Article Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19
Have a look at the following RG links.
Article Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients Wi...
Article Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in...
Article COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients
Please follow the link below:
Article The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID...
1. The risk factors, recognized for severe forms of Covid-19 infection, are elderly patients (> 70 years), obese patients, patients with chronic renal or respiratory diseases, cardiovascular history (stroke or coronary artery disease), high blood pressure, diabetes, and cancer.
2. The coronavirus enters cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE-2). ACE-2 are expressed on the surface of epithelial cells within the alveoli and small intestine, which explains the respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the disease. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 2 while ACE-2 deactivates angiotensin 2. Angiotensin 2 stimulates lung injury and ACE-2 serves a role in lung protection as it deactivates angiotensin 2. Viral binding to ACE-2 deactivates the protective role of ACE-2, which may contribute to the severe lung injury seen with COVID-19.
3. Cardiomyocyte injury appears to be due to an acute and severe inflammatory response akin to a cytokine storm, viral invasion of cardiomyocytes resulting in cellular damage as well as ischemia from severe hypoxia due to acute lung injury.
https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/06/04/10/53/covid-19-in-congenital-heart-disease