What is the impact of training and development on employee performance? The research question demands specifying the measurements of employee performance, among others. Could you please advise me resources on this issue?
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Ypu cam find many interesting articles related to this topic in the International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management (http://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijhrdm).
You will no doubt find many interesting answers. Unfortunately the whole issue is far too complex for simplistic answers. You need to refine your question to take account of the complex dimensions of the concept of measuring performance. This is not a practical question it is a philosophical question related to the purpose of the organisation. Measuring sales of Coca Cola is not the same as calculating the value of a health service, education, health and safety and so on. Your supervisor needs to direct you to some seriously questioning literature.
I agree with Professor F. Burchill that measuring performance is not so simple. You definitely have to refine your research questions. Measuring all relevant aspects of performance is unlikely, too. Personally, I have not come across articles that describe a direct relation between training and performance. However, I have not investigated this topic extensively.A thorough literature review will help you with this issue. An assumption could be that received training activates / reinforces motivational mechanisms which consequently positively impact performance, though in most cases the observed relationship would not be linear.
I would suggest that you use a longitudinal design (Time 1, Time 2 for instance), specify only one or two behaviours or actions you really want to measure (i.e. productivity, work engagement, educational or professional outcomes etc.), include more factors such as task-specific self-efficacy, educational level, experience, positive traits or emotions, goals, which may act as predictors or mediators between training and performance. Attached are some recent interesting papers I used in my PhD dissertation related to counselors' self-efficacy beliefs. Another interesting approach is measuring fluctuations in performance (in a relevant criterion) as a result of fluctuations in a predictor (see for example, Ouweneel et al., 2013, it is also attached here). Good luck!!