The very first paper I read with regard to theoretical frameworks was by Stephen Lerman called The social turn in mathematics. It is a very useful starting point to see how maths ed has progressed over the decades. I have since read it many more times.
Citation: Lerman, S. (2000). The social turn in mathematics education research. In J. Boaler (Ed.), Multiple Perspectives on the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics (pp. 19–44). Ablex.
Chapter The social turn in mathematics education research.
There are several papers published by ResearchGate authors on your topic that could be helpful in finding a theoretical framework for Math Educational research: