Is the Australian continent in the process of experiencing a climate tipping point? Central and south eastern Australia (NSW, South Australia, Victoria, and southern Queensland) have been experiencing unprecedented drought, where river systems and water tables have been depleted by land clearing, inappropriate water licencing, overgrazing, cropping in poor soil and water regimes and most likely by climate change. The loss of plants through clearing has increased evaporation from soil sufficiently to reduce soil moisture and the water table to a point where the remaining plants are dying. Higher temperatures due to climate change causes rain drops to evaporate before they reach the ground, unless they are large. Consequently, rain events are becoming fewer (further drying the soil), but more intense which then erodes the soil. Soil is also lost through extended drought periods due to wind erosion and the lack of plants to hold the soil in place. The loss of soil moisture and this loss of plants means insufficient ongoing transpiration to seed rain events. and reduces smaller rain events. Are there papers on this specific potential tipping point and is it likely to be reversible if we are currently observing it?
Australia pays a high price for extreme weather events. If they are part of the history of the country, their intensity and repetition are new. Their cause is well identified: climate change. But Australia is not questioning itself.
The country is one of the biggest polluters on the planet per capita. Its greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. Yet the Conservative government of Prime Minister Scott Morrison is dragging his heels in the fight against global warming. Economic development has been declared a priority, at the expense of greenhouse gas reduction targets. Australians have an uneconomical lifestyle of natural resources, a little American. For 50 years, Australians have developed an expensive lifestyle, as if natural resources, and water in particular, were free or inexhaustible. Today, Australia is overtaken by climate change and its citizens are beginning to realize that we will have to change. According to a UN report at the World Climate Conference in Lima, Australia is the worst student in the fight against climate change. The country is once again at the bottom of the annual ranking, ranked 60 out of 61, just ahead of Saudi Arabia. The German think tank Germanwatch and the Climate Action Network analyzed the climate policies of the 58 countries in the world that produce 90% of greenhouse gas emissions. Australia lost three places compared to last year and is now the worst industrialized country in the world, occupied by Canada last year ... It should also be noted that the first 3 places in this ranking are left empty so to motivate the country to continue to make efforts because the best predictions announce a global warming of more than two degrees with dramatic consequences. The report says, "The government has clearly decided to remove climate policies from its agenda ... The result is immediate and Australia is now the worst industrialized country in the world in terms of energy performance."
Winter "as we know it" could cease to exist in Australia by 2050, except in a few places in Tasmania, according to academics from the School of Art & Design and the University's Climate Change Institute Australian National University (ANU). On the other hand, the country should experience temperatures of over 30 ° C in the long term and regularly peaks in extreme heat (temperatures above 40 ° C) during a season that they describe in a "new summer" press release. .
Regards
There are sound theoretical reasons to think that tipping points across climatic thresholds exist (Gladwell, 2000; NRC, 2002). Examples of threshold behaviors include thermohaline circulation modifications, ice sheet instabilities, sea ice instabilities, soil-moisture feedbacks, and the onset of high-latitude convection and associated high-level cloud forcing. Hansen et al. (2008) introduced the term “tipping element” to describe subcontinental-scale subsystems of the Earth system that are susceptible to being forced into a new state by small perturbations. Tipping level—the magnitude of climate forcing beyond which, if sustained, abrupt climate change will eventually occur—is differentiated from “point of no return.” If the tipping level is exceeded for only a brief period of time, the original state of the system can be restored. More persistent forcing can push the system to the “point of no return,” where a reduction of the forcing below the tipping level is ineffective in halting the climate shift. India and Bangladesh are highly vulnerable.
The continent is located between 11-40 ° C and 23.5 ° C in the middle of the continent. This is of great importance in determining the temperature and atmospheric pressure areas under which the continent is subjected. Capricorn, which leads to high temperatures, especially in the interior while coastal areas are subject to the impact of adjacent water bodies, where the temperature is relatively lower, and reflected the impact of rising temperatures to increase the rate of evaporation and increase the intensity of drought suffered by the continent.
لابد من الاهتمام لتقنين المياه وعمل قنوات مغطاة لمنع التفكر أو التقليل منه للحد من فقدان المياه كذلك معالجة التربة بالطرق الحديثة سيما طريقة التدوير أو غيرها من الطرق
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