From Culture to Controversy: Are Consanguineous Marriages Ethically Justifiable?
Consanguineous marriages, defined as unions between individuals related by blood, are practiced by over 10% of the global population, particularly prevalent in North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. This paper provides a multidisciplinary analysis of consanguineous marriages, exploring their sociocultural, economic, and traditional underpinnings, as well as varying religious perspectives ranging from acceptance to prohibition. A primary focus is placed on the increased genetic risks associated with these unions, specifically the heightened probability of offspring inheriting autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Detailed discussions of associated diseases, along with population-level case studies from Pakistan and the British Pakistani community, illustrate the significant public health burden. The paper also critically distinguishes consanguinity from incest, examining the severe psychological, social, and genetic harms of the latter, supported by historical and contemporary examples. Ethical considerations, including autonomy, informed consent, and the welfare of offspring, are thoroughly discussed. Finally, mitigation strategies such as genetic counseling, premarital screening, and public health education are proposed, alongside policy considerations for mandatory pre-marital screening, to promote healthier family outcomes and reduce the incidence of preventable genetic diseases.
Consanguineous marriages, common in some cultures for social and economic reasons, raise ethical concerns due to increased genetic risks to offspring. While cultural respect is important, the potential for harm must be weighed against individual choice and familial traditions. Ethically, these unions are justifiable only if both autonomy and informed consent are prioritized, alongside access to genetic counseling.
"Should premarital screening be made compulsory in India, similar to the model in China, to prevent marriage-related fraud and identity concealment in cases such as those alleged under 'love jihad'?"
"Should premarital screening be made a mandatory requirement for obtaining a marriage certificate in India, as is done in China?"
"While premarital screening is traditionally intended to detect genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and ensure blood group compatibility, it can also be strengthened to include identity verification components—such as legal documentation checks, background verification, and declaration of religious and marital status. These additions can help safeguard individuals from marriage-related frauds, including cases where a partner may conceal critical personal details like religious identity, previous marital status, or intent to convert. However, it is essential that such measures are implemented in a legally sound, non-discriminatory manner, respecting constitutional rights to privacy, religious freedom, and bodily autonomy."
Presentation Premarital Screening
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