Many thanks Veronica. I appreciate your guidance and effort.

I have reviewed your articles with interest since you are expert in the indigenous haplotypes of southern South America, including the Mapuche or Araucanan population whose data is lacking in the Atlas. I would like to refer to your 1998 study in Am. J. Hum. Gen. (Characterization of Ancestral and Derived Y-Chromosome Haplotypes of New World Native Populations) and would like to ask you about the Table 1 Mapuche data. If I am understanding correctly, there were 3 Mapuche samples in which the full 7 microsatellites could be analyzed and these resulted in haplotype designations 2a, 2j, and 3j. When I plug these haplotypes into a haplogroup predictor I arrive at R1b! Is this your result as well?

I have searched the Spanish language literature for more Mapuche haplotype data and have not been able to discover any I can use. I did find some relevant research but the article is not focused on haplogrouping and so does not provide data in a form I can use: Sala, et al. (http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/5956/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1) reports 86 Mapuche samples analyzed for 15 STRs but is more interested in allelic frequencies and AMOVA so I cannot find what I need there. I need data that either does a haplogroup analysis or provides the raw data allowing me to do one.

If you know of any specific studies reporting a sufficient sample of Mapuche haplotypes, please be kind enough to provide a reference and I can do a search from there.

On a related topic, the Atlas currently reports only Y-DNA results; I would be very interested to include mtDNA results as well since the mtDNA genography may tell a completely different story. If you know of anyone who may be interested in completing this work please make an inquiry for me. I have some minimal, initial funding available and more could be sought.

You may check the YHRD repository at www.yhrd.org by using the function "Search populations". There are currently 834 different Y-typed population stored, including some indigenous from your list as Mapuche, Quechua (Kichwa), Aymara, Gujarati etc. To get an overview which populations are sampled per metapopulation, e.g. from Native Americans click http://www.yhrd.org/Research/Metapopulations/Native+American

Raw data (YSTRs, YSNPs) are available from the authors and sometimes directly from the ESM in the linked articles, click at the population names and you'll get this information. We here at YHRD are curating the database but cannot release the data directly.

For South America a list of haplotypes/haplogroups of 1011 individuals from 50 ethnic groups is available from this open source:

http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1003460

Thank you. YHRD is a marvelous resource and can provide good leads for a few of the groups (Thai, Ovimbundi, Kimbundu, Tuareg, Tamang, Tripura, Rabha). The PLOS Genetics article is excellent for South American indigenous haplogroups and concludes the search for Aymara, Mapuche, and Quecha types.

I have a question about the YHRD presentation, with your patience. I am looking at the results for a Rabha population search. I see that the study used included 22 haplotypes. I then see that the table, 'Most common haplotypes', contains 11 haplotypes, mostly N=1. The question I have is how were these 11 haplotypes selected as opposed to the other types (also presumably N=1)? The question is motivated by my interest in using the data directly from this table. That could save lots of time.

I still have many groups to find so I will continue to check the YHRD periodically for new submissions.

The YHRD community of users might be interested in the data visualizations presented on the Atlas and I offer you this address for dissemination on the YHRD site if desired (http://dna.xyvy.info).

The 10 most frequent haplotypes are given. In the Rabha sample all hts except one are different and occur only once, the order is random.

Thanks for the link to your atlas.

Hi! Adam,

Nice to see your collection. In India we have lot of ethnic groups. I worked in CCMB with Thangaraj, where we had done work for many groups I am giving just one publication go through that, you get some information.

The following are scientist work with lot many groups, contact them you get more information or search on web you get information what groups they had dealt so far...

Chris Tyler-Smith, Oxford University

K Thangaraj, Center for Cellular & Molecular Biology (www.ccmb.res.in)

Toomas Kivislid, University of Cambridge.

Good Luck & Cheers!!!

hi adam

plz do check the following links that will help you.

thanks

http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v16/n3/full/5201934a.html

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/10/59

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00173177#page-1

http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v18/n3/abs/ejhg2009166a.html

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20960/abstract

http://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/210448

Mssrs. Ramadevi and Afzal: Thanks to your references I have knocked a few more off the list. Updated 'needs' file is attached.

Dear Adam,

Frankly, your request is a bit puzzling. It is as a someone would write - "I am a chemist, please inform me on rare and exotic chemical compounds discovered in the world".

It would be helpful if you make your request MUCH more narrow. There are tons of haplotypes and subclades in databases and multiple FTDNA (and other) projects. I myself work with thousands of haplotypes of various "lengths" - from 5-marker to 111-marker haplotypes. Among them are very many "rare" ones.

I wish you good luck in your search in databases and Projects.

Last but not least, haplotypes and haplogroups are quite different things (see your request).

Best regards,

Anatole Klyosov

Dear Anatole,

I apologize that you do not understand what I am asking. I will try to explain better.

I am looking for specific sets of Y-DNA haplotypes that geneticists use to ascertain human haplogroup identity. These are not just any haplotypes, but rather are sets of results used specifically for Y-DNA based human ancestry. A basic set of seven loci is enough for a rough haplogroup classification (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393), but more extensive assays produce a finer grain classification. There is a very good index of this type of Y-DNA data at YHRD.org.

It saves me time if the researchers have already classified their assay results into haplogroups, but not all studies are focused on haplogroup identity and so I can also use some raw haplotype data to classify the haplogroups on my own (with far less accuracy). This is why I ask for haplotypes OR haplogroups.

I am not trying to do genetic science, only to use the products of genetic science in my own research work. To better explain the genetic science behind Y-DNA haplogrouping I would like to refer you to an article providing more details attached below (Nature Reviews Genetics, Volume 4, 2003, p. 598).

For the past 10 or 15 years certain geneticists have been sampling ethnic groups around the world for these human ancestry markers and there is a pretty complete preliminary record by now, but as of yet there are some sizable ethnic populations for whom I have not found any reported haplogroup data (since data for these groups has not reported as of my last literature search I am calling these groups 'rare'). The ethnic groups are listed in my attached document (see question). If you have any leads on any of these groups please be kind enough to provide me the details.

As to your specific questions and comments: 1) The adjective rare refers to the ethnic groups not the haplotypes, 2) The request is specific as to the ethnic groups being sought, and 3) For my purposes good data requires a more or less random sampling protocol for a specific ethnic group in a specific geographic place and so FTDNA is probably not usable to me (please correct me if I am wrong about this).

Have a good day and continued good luck to you in your work at Harvard.

Cordial Regards,

Adam Cherson

http://www.le.ac.uk/genetics/maj4/JoblingTS.03.NRG.Review.pdf

Dear Adam,

Yes, indeed, I missed your list of ethnic groups you have referred to (I am traveling right now, hence, look through the correspondence rather promptly). Now I understand your request better. Since I work in the area of DNA genealogy, I routinely calculate time spans to common ancestors for various populations, and try to "map" the world based on results obtained (so-called intraclade and interclade considerations), therefore, reconstruct ancient migrations of people. In other words, I add the chronological component to the data you are interested in.

Best regards,

Sincerely,

Anatole Klyosov

Hi,

Sorry for late reply. I have done some literature review for you. Plz download these papers. I am sending you the link. If you cannot access them then i can download them and will email you. just give me your email.

thanks

The International HapMap Consortium, A haplotype map of the human genome

Cruciani et al. 2010, Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages

Infact I am trying to paste the links but i cannot. Please give me your email and i will send you as many articles as i can download from here as i have acceess to many good journals.

thanks

Hello Dear

I have so far downloaded 42 articles for you. I have almost free access to most of the journals of the world. If you need a paper and cannot download it. do send me the link. I shall download them for you. Thanks

Plz acknowledge

thanks

Dr. Afzal, Many thanks for the contribution and my apologies for the delay. I have received your first list of 6 articles posted above and nothing further. I am familiar with and have used Cruciani (2010). May I suggest an upload of the 42 articles to a temporary FTP server described in the attachment? If possible please include a text-note document that specifies which of the sought after ethnic profiles may be found in which of the articles. Thanks again and I look forward to reviewing your selections.