Dear Dr. Arash,

no, it's not viable use transvaginal technique. Mainly in sheep.

Laparoscopy is largely used in farms in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil and others. For Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination and else LOPU.

We've very small laparoscope kits. We do not use video-laparoscopy.

We're able to supply you with full training in Brazil, specially, how to make it viable on farms. The LOPU training is made by Hernan Baldassarre, who's who developed the technique and 1st published it.

If you need any assistance, fell free to contact me.

Doroud,

please consider the following article:

"Non-surgical embryo transfer in goats and sheep: the

Brazilian experience-

Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2019, 31, 17–26"

we had the same question, but based on our research and also experiences in AGRIS-Italy, we believe that however Non- surgical ET is possible in sheep, but it is highly depend of BCS and also it is more complicated and time consuming than LOPU.

Dear Dr. Mohammadreza Ebrahimi ,

i know Dr. Jeferson, as i know he's work. I've processed the goat semen that he's using in all (except one) publication he did since 2015.

I know he has some advances, he notified me recently a high quantity of embryos from a single sheep donor. And i believe on his results.

In goats, it's viable and works well (embryo recovery). It's used commercially. To implant embryo on recipients, Laparoscope is much faster and less stress to the animal than cervical manipulation.

But this technique they're working is far away to be used in large commercial scale in sheep. No one, except on their team, is using this technique in commercial scale anywhere in the world as it take much more time, bring too much stress to sheep and the recovery results in much less embryo average per donor.

For Ovum Pick Up, the only viable technique is LOPU, as we cannot use our hands inside the rectum as we do on cows. Even with very small probes, like IMV Imaging has, you cannot hold properly the ovary to OPU only the follicles (and do not pierce the ovary, bringing damage to it).

Best regards,

Pedro Nacib Jorge Neto