No. Look up effective-medium theory. This is not a new topic. The effect of nanostructure on optical properties of materials has been known for over 100 years.
If optical property here means transparency alone then yes it is possible to have nano structures on a polycarbonate sheet and still maintain its transparency.
In terms of diffraction theory, if structures written on sheet have periodicity smaller than half of the smallest wavelength (i.e. periodicity smaller than 400/2 = 200 nm), the sheet will behave as uniform sheet where local refractive index is governed by effective index (related to fill-fraction).
To Sumit Barthwal - what you have in mind when you say "loosing its optical properties". Is it transparency that you have in mind? If yes, than I absolutely agree with Manish Kumar. The size and periodicity of the structures should be small. At certain effective refractive index and thickness of the structure you can even get improvement of the transparency at fixed wavelength due to the decrease of reflectance. Check the working principle of single layer antireflective coating.
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