As we know LIBS is mainly used for the elemental analysis of a material. Is it possible to use femto-second and atto-second lasers? If it is possible then which is a suitable technique and why? Is there any papers related to the elemental analysis by femto-second and atto-second lasers technique? Please give the reference also. Thanks.
Perhaps this article will be useful for you:
1. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/1/32/htm
2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-17-2-419&id=175694
3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854712003448
4. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1342929
5. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4342/htm
6. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1269526
7. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1669347
8. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-50-3-313
9. http://scholar.google.lv/scholar?hl=ru&q=Ultraviolet+laser+filaments+for+remote+laser-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy+%28LIBS%29+analysis%3A+applications+in+cultural+heritage+monitoring&btnG=
10. http://scholar.google.lv/scholar?q=Long-distance+remote+laser-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy+using+filamentation+in+air&btnG=&hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5
11. http://scholar.google.lv/scholar?q=Stand-off+detection+of+organic+samples+using+filament-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy&btnG=&hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5
12. http://www.langtoninfo.co.uk/web_content/9780521852746_frontmatter.pdf
13. http://iopscience.iop.org/1063-7818/42/1/R01
14. http://www.google.com/patents/US5847825
15. http://www.google.ru/books?hl=ru&lr=&id=yGuei3q87fwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=light-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy+attoseconds&ots=3Rulu0qPN-&sig=z-lFzkFqePat8giAZxo8e7-jF1k&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Best regards, Leonid
@ anton du plessis...what r the difficulties in making such experiments...
fs lasers have very small energy per pulse, making it only possible to ablate very small spots, making very small plasma with little emission. You need a good optical setup and high sensitivity spectrometer, compared to ns LIBS. But the small ablation per pulse can be advantage in some cases like thin layer depth profiling etc. I dont have experience with attosecond laser but I guess its the same
I fully agree with the comments from Anton du Plessis. In comparison to longer pulsed systems (e.g. ns and ps) the application of ultra-short pulsed laser systems shows many advantageous for laser ablation and ionization of the sample material (reduced thermal fractionation effects, better stoichiometric ion production, etc.). Alternatively to LIBS, we are using the LIMS (Laser Ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometry) technique coupled with an ultra-short pulsed laser systems for the analysis of sample material (see e.g. my publications for further reading). Because we detect ions by using this technique we do not have problems with the emission, as it is the case for LIBS. Furthermore, LIMS is more sensitive as a spectrometric technique than LIBS as a spectroscopic technique. Probably, this could be of interest for you.
yes , you can do with femtosecond laser as well auto second laser in principle and there are quite good number of publications using Femtosecond LIBS systems.
Although, it is possible, according to the quality of results, LIBS is not the best choice as an analytical procedure. Typical LIBS measurement error (RSD%) is relatively high compared with other analytical spectroscopic techniques such as AAS, AES & ICP-MS. For this reason, If the sample type can easily be converted into an aqueous solution , the other techniques are preferred. LIBS with nano or femto second lasers will be better in such a case where the sample is precious or very difficult to digest (e.g. silicates
Femto second lasers are being used for LIBS experiments. There are two main advantages of femto second laser. First it produces a very small and clean crater. Other one is small background emission in comparison to nano and pico second laser. There are various applications where these properties of femto second laser can be used. Micro-LIBS experiment uses femto second lasers and are used for either 1D, 2D, 3 D scanning of the sample surface for imaging purpose or in depth profiling, where good spatial resolution is needed.
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