The manto-type copper deposits (e.g. Sato 1984, Kojima et al. 2003), the basalt-andesite copper deposits (including Michigan type and the andesite copper deposits, e.g. Guilbert and Park, 1986, 2007) and the volcanic red-bed copper deposits (Kirkham 1995) share many similar characteristics. Can they be categorized as a single type of copper deposit (especially from genetic point of view)?
If not, why?
Dear Nima,
I do not know Michigan type deposits. But I have some experience with manto-type copper deposits in Costal Cordillera, Central Chile. Reading the reference you give of Gulbert and Park 1986, I found some coincidences between this types of deposits: volcanic host rocks, mineralogy (not so low sulphur, but rich hypogene Cu-sulfide; Ag-bearing mineralization), stratabound but epigenetic mineralization, low temperature hydrothermal deposits, associated with low-grade / very low-grade metamorphism…
There is no mention in the book about of isotopic information. In Manto-type Cretaceous deposit we found a strong correlation between mineralization process and bacteriogenic sulphate reduction process.
Let me show you a recent article of mine about this topic.
* Carrillo-Rosúa, J., Boyce, A. J., Morales-Ruano, S., Morata, D., Roberts, S., Munizaga, F., & Moreno-Rodríguez, V. (2014). Extremely negative and inhomogeneous sulfur isotope signatures in cretaceous chilean Manto-type Cu–(Ag) deposits, Coastal Range of Central Chile. Ore Geology Reviews, 56, 13-24.I
You can get the postprint version from the following url:
http://hdl.handle.net/10481/28429
In addition, I suggest you two review articles:
* Kojima, S., Tristá-Aguilera, D., Hayashi, K., 2009. Genetic aspects of the manto-type copper deposits based on geochemical studies of north Chilean deposits. Resour. Geol. 59, 87–98.
* Maksaev, V., Zentilli, M., 2002. Chilean strata-bound Cu–(Ag) deposits: an overview. In: Porter, T.M. (Ed.), Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper–Gold & Related Deposits. A Global Perspective. PGC Publishing, Adelaide, pp. 185–20
Best wishes
Javier
Dear Javier,
Many thanks for your very interesting and informative answer and the references.
Then we should wait up to get some isotope data from basalt-andesite copper deposits (although there must be some in the scientific record).
Kind regards and best wishes,
Nima
I am looking forward you publish about this kind of deposits.
Good luck!
Dear Javier,
Finally, our article about one of manto-type deposits in Iran has been published.
You can find it under the following link:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325347356_Economic_Geology_Mining_Archaeological_and_Archaeometric_Investigations_at_the_Veshnaveh_Ancient_Copper_Mine_Central_Iran
Kind regards and best wishes,
Nima
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