There are specific approaches in educational research (descriptive, experimental, information systems, and comparative). However, there are overlap, delays and differences between the methodology in our Arab universities and international universities. Can they be unified?

It probably depends upon what the definition of unified is. I would hate to see any nation or culture loose its cultural identity to conform to a research standard developed for the goal of unity. A good example is instrument validation. Measurement instruments are not validated in general but for a particular population. An instrument developed and validated in the USA would not likely be valid in an Arab country. Even if the same items were used, the instrument would need to be re-validated (and normed) with the new population. In all likelihood, at least some of the items would need to be re-written or tweaked to conform to the new population's cultural understandings. In my personal opinion, I am not sure unifying educational research should be a major goal of researchers.

Sorry Doctor, I didn't mean the research tool here at all!!! Because any research tool built in a research community cannot be applied to the characteristics of another research community!!! Except after defining it theoretically and after ensuring its validity and stability through controlling the statistical analysis!!!! But in my question, I meant the main and general steps of the educational research methodology that differ and have an advancement and delay between our educationally distinguished curricula and your educational curricula!!! Does this need a new foundation or is the difference a mercy.. With my regards. @James E. McLean

My personal opinions: I studied Philosophy of Education when I was a first year student during my undergraduate studies in Malaysia. I think people have different perceptions and attitudes toward many things, including how to go about doing a research. Look closely, different religions are associated with different philosophies (e.g., Buddism, Islam, and Christianity, and so on). These philosophical principles guide people to live better in a society, which tie back to our understanding to the unification of research methodologies. However, generally speaking, I think whatever language you speak or whatever religions you have, we cannot shift away from the main focus of the research, which should be scientifically sounding and theoretically oriented.

This is one of the reasons why we ask that there are different perspectives on philosophies that are based on different types of research, and that are positive for diversity and integration of knowledge. But the fact that there are different steps in the same approach between country and country makes it strange, personal and based on opinions on the steps and foundations of building and implementing research methods