In many countries, in individual regions and urban agglomerations, tree planting projects are currently underway as part of afforestation programs for civilization-modified areas. In some countries afforestation of civilizational modified areas is considered one of the most important instruments to neutralize the negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions. The main premise of this thesis is the fact that certain species of trees and shrubs absorb significant amounts of CO2 and improve microclimate and water management in surface layers of soil. However, according to the results of scientific research in a situation of high greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation will not solve the problem of global warming. If in a given country, in a given agglomeration the majority of households, motor vehicles and enterprises from the energy sector relies on burning of minerals, the emission of greenhouse gases is so high that afforestation may reduce this emission to a very small extent. In this situation, apart from afforestation, other projects should be developed that will enable the implementation of the principles of sustainable, pro-ecological development based on the concept of a new, green economy. These other pro-ecological undertakings include, first of all, the development of renewable energy sources, increasing the efficiency of waste segregation, recovering secondary materials, development of electromobility in the automotive industry, development of programs for implementation, implementation and financing of eco-innovations, such as the construction of small household ecological power plants based eg on installing house roofs photovoltaic panels replacing stoves, in which often poor quality minerals are burned, etc. Therefore, afforestation does not solve the serious problem of global warming but should be developed as one of many instruments to reduce the negative greenhouse gas emission effects.
In addition, it is particularly important to protect existing forest resources, including natural forest ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity, and therefore a high biological value, such as rainforest, tropic rainforest of the Amazon. However, this is only an example of the largest, existing natural forest ecosystem on Earth. All other such ecosystems should be under strict protection and should be excluded from the predatory, devastating forest exploitation economy, i.e. harvesting timber from these natural forest ecosystems, because in the context of the problem of global warming they are one of the most important, most valuable resources of the planet Earth.
In view of the above, the current question is: Can the afforestation of civilization-modified areas significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
Afforestation can also be implemented in the form of architectural eco-innovations in agglomerations. greetings
Other examples of architectural eco-innovations and innovative solutions for the afforestation of urban agglomerations are presented in the following profile:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_were_the_projects_of_architectural_eco-innovations_created
The above question inspired me to the following considerations:
What is the role of biodiversity in the natural environment?
Biodiversity is a very important issue in the context of the analysis of ecology, sustainable development and the protection of the natural environment, including, above all, the natural sites of biologically deposited ecosystems, ie those characterized by high biodiversity.
Maintaining biodiversity of natural ecosystems is one of the most important problems and tasks for people in the 21st century.
I invite you to discuss this important topic
Biodiversity consists in the cooperation of a few species of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and possibly other microorganisms. For example, in natural tropical rainforests there is a lot of biodiversity, because in this forest there are many species of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria next to each other.
Biodiversity is the largest unique, unique, difficult to reproduce, unique value of natural, complex biological ecosystems. An example is the tropical forest in the Amazon.
What needs to be done to reduce the devastation of the Amazon rainforests, which are characterized by high biodiversity and are therefore a unique, biological richness of the natural ecosystem on Earth?
The Amazon rainforest is the largest complex of the natural forest ecosystem producing 60% oxygen on Earth, these are the lungs of the planet Earth.
In addition, it is a natural complex of forest ecosystem with rich biodiversity.
In these Amazonian ecosystems there are still many, millions of species of flora and fauna that have not yet been fully discovered or described.
The scale of felling and thinning stands in the Amazon's forest is so large that every day the scale of this unique biodiversity decreases and many species of living organisms cease to exist.
Human civilization in this way destroys one of the greatest achievements in the development of life, the evolution of ecosystems on Earth.
This is a very serious problem to solve in the 21st century.
Therefore, I am addressing you with an important question: What needs to be done to reduce the devastation of the Amazon rainforests, which are characterized by high biodiversity and are therefore a unique, biological richness of the natural ecosystem on Earth?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
What do you need to do to limit the devastation of the Amazon rain forest?
The Amazon rainforest is the largest complex of the natural forest ecosystem producing 60% oxygen on Earth, these are the lungs of the planet Earth.
In addition, it is a natural complex of forest ecosystem with rich biodiversity.
In these Amazonian ecosystems there are still many, millions of species of flora and fauna that have not yet been fully discovered or described.
The scale of felling and thinning stands in the Amazon's forest is so large that every day the scale of this unique biodiversity decreases and many species of living organisms cease to exist.
Human civilization in this way destroys one of the greatest achievements in the development of life, the evolution of ecosystems on Earth.
This is a very serious problem to solve in the 21st century.
Therefore, I am addressing you with an important question: What should you do to limit the devastation of Amazon rainforests?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
Afforestation is an important element of environmentally sustainable economic development, thanks to which the unfavorable process of global warming should be slowed down
With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.
Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.
But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.
At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable. More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface. Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases? How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy? How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?
Please reply. I invite you to the discussion
Afforestation of civilisation-modified areas can bring a change in the microclimate of the area, which may or may not be always favourable. For example, afforestation of desert cities may increase local precipitation due to change in microclimate, but such increased rainfall may be detrimental if the area is not having the capacity to withstand increased rainfall. However, such afforestation will have negligible impact on overall Green House Gas over a large area as the emissions are equally distributed all over the world by winds and diffusion and result in better growth of plants globally. So, the additional afforesation per se in such civilisation modified areas would be miniscule compared to the total world's vegetation.
With high success of afforestation more carbon sink is possible. Because plants absorbs carbon dioxide. But Carbon dioxide is not only the the gas which traps long wave terrestrial radiation and increases temperature. Therefore in addition to afforestation, the other means of global worming should be minimize to cope with impact of green house gases. Hence afforestation alone is not a solution.
You seem to be firmly attacched o the conventional idea that carbon containing greenhouse gases drive the global climate and that removing some of them would model PROJECTED negative climate outcomes. I suggest that you read the following so as to direct your energies in more productive research.
https://pjmedia.com/trending/new-u-s-climate-report-a-scientific-embarrassment/
In December 2018, the United Nations climate summit in Katowice took place in Katowice. COP (Conference of the Parties) on climate policy on Earth. During this climate summit, the need to increase the scale of afforestation was indicated, because forests and the flora contained in them absorb a large part of greenhouse gas emissions.
In order to solve the problems related to the global warming of the Earth's climate, international cooperation should develop to develop a common global strategy of pro-ecological activities and sustainable development of the new green economy.
In December 2018, the United Nations climate summit in Katowice took place in Katowice. COP (Conference of the Parties) on climate policy on Earth. UN climate summits, i.e. COP (Conference of the Parties) are global conferences during which climate policy actions are negotiated. Poland twice hosted them - in 2008 in Poznań and in 2013 in Warsaw. In December 2018, the climate summit is held for the first time now in Katowice in Poland.
During this summit, conferences are held, discussions are held on the need to develop a sustainable development policy and the need for development of ecological, renewable energy sources in order to generate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the future and ultimately reduce the average annual temperature rise on the Earth's surface. From the discussions it follows that it is necessary to develop eco-innovations, new pro-ecological energy sources, development of electromobility of transport means. It is necessary to develop and implement on a large scale renewable energy sources. In addition, it is important to increase the scale of afforestation, as forests and the flora contained in them absorb a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
As part of this year's UN Climate Summit, the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24), 14th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 14) and the Conference of the Paris Agreement signatories (CMA 1) are held. About 20,000 people from 190 countries participate in the event, including politicians, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and scientific and business spheres.
Perhaps during this UN climate summit important and specific agreements, declarations and signed agreements on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will be taken. The present lectures show that in recent years the warming process of the Earth's climate has accelerated significantly and therefore, in the black scenario of future climate changes, the temperature on the Earth's surface can rise by 4 ° C to the end of the 21st century. If this happened, then the scale of climate-related cataclysms that are dangerous to humans, including droughts, floods, fires and weather anomalies in many places around the world, will increase many times. The problem is very serious globally and therefore a lot depends on whether international cooperation will develop in order to limit these problems and their negative effects.
I invite you to the discussion
Data source: http://cop24.katowice.eu
In my opinion, both unfavorable processes, ie the global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere will increase in the future. However, there is still some time to implement the necessary pro-ecological reforms to slow down these processes. It is estimated that there has been a decade of time to carry out the necessary pro-ecological investments, thanks to which it would be possible to implement sustainable pro-ecological development in the global economy. Hedgehogs do not take these actions in the next decade, then these unfavorable climate processes will accelerate in the future and become permanently irreversible. Then, at the end of the twenty-first century, there will be a global climate cataclysm that will threaten the life of all humanity and a large part of other life forms that inhabit the planet Earth. The problem is therefore serious and underestimated by politicians, entrepreneurs, industrialists and many other social groups. The problem of global warming and decreasing ozone layer in the atmosphere is too little publicized and the educated society is not educated enough.
I invite you to the discussion.
Dear Dariusz,
The level of significance or effectiveness of afforestation with respect to greenhouse gas emission reduction in civilization-modified areas, will depend to a large extent on the level or degree of modification and the level of greenhouse gas emission. In highly modified areas or cities with huge emissions, afforestation may not play a very significant role as it would in moderately modified areas with moderate or low emissions. In highly modified areas with very high level of emissions, a holistic approach like you suggested should be considered.
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG
It is particularly important to protect existing forest resources, including natural forest ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity, and therefore a high biological value, such as rainforest, tropic rainforest of the Amazon. However, this is only an example of the largest, existing natural forest ecosystem on Earth. All other such ecosystems should be under strict protection and should be excluded from the predatory, devastating forest exploitation economy, i.e. harvesting timber from these natural forest ecosystems, because in the context of the problem of global warming they are one of the most important, most valuable resources of the planet Earth.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG Do you agree with my opinion that protection of the natural environment, biodiversity is one of the greatest civilization challenges of the 21st century?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
I most certainly agree with your opinion "that the protection of the natural environment, biodiversity" is a great challenge -- especially as mushrooming human numbers increasingly expand into and simplify most natural ecosystems on the planet---- however hanging the argument for the necessity of assuring "the protection of the natural environment, biodiversity" on the issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be shown to have been a decades long unproductive and indeed farcical distraction of policy makers and environmentalists from real threats that can be addressed. Currently all living things on Earth produce 440 billion tonnes of CO2 each year, or 13 times the amount from fossil-fuel emissions.
Global warming activists argue CO2 emissions are destroying the planet, but the climate impacts of CO2 are minimal, at worst. Claims of unprecedented CO2 levels ignore most of Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history. For example, 600 million years ago, when history’s greatest birth of new animal species occurred, atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 6,500 parts per million, which is 16 times today’s 410 ppm. Over billions of years, the geologic record shows there is no long-term correlation between atmospheric CO2 levels and Earth’s climate. Currently all living things on Earth produce 440 billion tonnes of CO2 each year, or 13 times the amount from fossil-fuel emissions. When the activists make their apocalyptic pronouncements, the primary goal is not to save plants, humans or animals, but to use “climate change” as justification for centralizing power into the hands of a select few.
My comment earlier this morning was largely lifted from the following article in The Western Jounnal.
Individuals who have been taken in by climate model predictions of FUTURE global warming due to emissions from fossil fuel burning might weep as they read the article at:
Article Global Warming Mitigation Through Carbon Sequestrations in t...
Article Salient Ecological Sensitive Regions of Central Western Ghats, India
The above discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
How can you speed up the processes of changing the classic economy in green economy?
How can you speed up the processes of changing the classical economy in green economy shaped according to the principles of sustainable pro-ecological economic development?
From time to time, conferences and climates summit are held in various countries around the world. In principle, everyone agrees on the importance of implementing the necessary pro-ecological reforms in economic processes. In addition to representatives of mining companies of energy resources for the traditional energy of burning mineral and traditional power plants, everyone agrees that in order to slow down the global warming processes that are unfavorable for the natural environment, it is necessary to implement pro-ecological reforms as soon as possible. above all, to develop renewable energy sources on a larger scale. In addition, pro-ecological innovations on an industrial scale should be implemented as soon as possible.
Recently, this type of climatic summit took place in Katowice in Poland. It was the UN climate summit, the so-called COP (Conference of the Parties) on climate policy on Earth. UN climate summits, i.e. COP (Conference of the Parties) are global conferences during which climate policy is negotiated. Poland twice hosted them - in 2008 in Poznań and in 2013 in Warsaw. In December 2018, the climate summit is held for the first time now in Katowice in Poland. During this summit, conferences were held, discussions on the need to develop a sustainable development policy and the need for ecological development, renewable energy sources to generate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the future, and ultimately to limit the average annual temperature on the Earth's surface.
From the discussions it follows that it is necessary to develop ecological innovations, new pro-ecological energy sources, and to develop the electromobility of transport means. It is necessary to develop and implement on a large scale renewable energy sources. In addition, it is important to increase the scale of afforestation, as forests and the flora contained in them absorb a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
As part of the UN climate summit of December 2018, the following were held: the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24), 14th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 14) and the Conference of the Paris Agreement signatories (CMA 1). About 20,000 people from 190 countries took part in the event, including politicians, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and scientific and business spheres.
The lecture delivered during the climatic summit shows that in recent years the warming of the Earth's climate has accelerated significantly and therefore, in the black scenario of future climate changes, the temperature on the Earth's surface can rise by 4 ° C to the end of the 21st century. If this happened, then the scale of climate-related cataclysms that are dangerous to human beings will increase many times, including droughts, floods, fires and weather anomalies in many places around the world. The problem is very serious globally and therefore a lot depends on whether international cooperation will develop in order to limit these problems and their negative effects.
In view of the above, it is necessary to change the development strategy based on intensifying the exploitation of the Earth's resources on the sustainable development strategy. It is necessary to develop new energy technologies based on renewable energy sources to slow down the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth in order to reduce the risk of dramatic natural cataclysms. It is necessary to develop ecological innovations, while it may not be too late. It is necessary to save the Earth from destruction for future generations.
The 21st century is the last moment to introduce global sustainable development based on the development of renewable energy and ecological innovations. Sustainable development should be analyzed and measured in correlation with the analysis of economic growth and the share of individual sectors in the country's economic development, including the transformation of traditional energy sources into renewable energy, environmental reclamation and recovery of recyclable materials, and ecological innovations.
Unfortunately, perhaps the only major positive effect of these conferences and climate summits is the promotion of the need to apply these pro-ecological reforms in the media. However, the scale of real actions in this direction, the scale of expenditure growth supported by subsidies from state budgets for the development of energy based on renewable energy sources, the development of electromobility, improvement of sorting and recycling processes is still small in relation to the needs.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
How can you speed up the processes of changing the classical economy in green economy shaped according to the principles of sustainable pro-ecological economic development?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much for your response and participation in the discussion
Best wishes
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
To what extent does the development of eco-innovations and renewable energy improve the issue of environmental protection?
To what extent does the development of eco-innovation and renewable energy improve the protection of the environment, natural biological ecosystems and biodiversity?
In my opinion, the development of innovative ecological technologies and eco-innovations as well as renewable energy sources and their implementation into economic processes is a growing important factor of sustainable green economic development based on the green economy concept.
In a situation where pro-ecological innovations are developed, including energy-related innovations, including new technologies of renewable energy sources, then pro-development anti-crisis, Keynesian socio-economic policy obtains additional attributes of modernity taking into account the protection of natural resources of the environment, protection of natural biological ecosystems and biodiversity.
In this situation, the classic pro-development anti-crisis, Keynesian social and economic policy is transformed into an ecological socio-economic policy implemented into the economy as part of the promotion of sustainable proecological socio-economic development taking into account the new green economy principles, including care for the protection of natural environmental resources, protection natural biological ecosystems and biodiversity.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
To what extent does the development of eco-innovation and renewable energy improve the protection of the environment, natural biological ecosystems and biodiversity?
Please reply
I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation
Thank you very much
Best wishes
Therefore, in the context of the above considerations, the following important question appears:
What do you think is the importance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems?
Biodiversity is diverse in virtually unlimited degree, which results from the essence of processes of evolution of species, filet lines and entire ecosystems. It is thanks to the millions of years of evolutionary processes on Earth that there are so many different natural and highly diverse ecosystems in which different species of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms adapt to life in different and very diverse geographical and climatic environments.
The largest biodiversity of ecosystems and species functions in natural environmental environments in which ecosystems have evolved without human impact through millions of years of climatic and geographical conditions enabling the development of various life forms. These types of high biodiversity sites can be found in unpolluted rainforest ecosystems in tropical forests, in temperate climates and in coral reefs.
Unfortunately, human civilization activity contributes to the successive and accelerating process of biodiversity reduction by dying out species of living organisms. The areas of natural natural ecosystems are decreasing, including those in which the greatest biodiversity is diagnosed, such as the rainforests of the Amazon. The protection of naturalistic ecosystems and thus the protection of the planet's biodiversity is the most important challenge for mankind in the 21st century.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
What do you think is the importance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
How should the environmental policy change in order to stop the predatory exploitation of the Amazon rainforests?
What must change in economic policy to stop the predatory exploitation of the Amazon rainforests, i.e. the largest complex of natural forest ecosystems of forest environments, in addition characterized by the greatest biogeographical biodiversity of flora and fauna?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
With the rise of Industries, population bursts, and pollution are creating damage to the earth, and the result is global warming and climate change. By planting trees and creating forests, many of the commercial needs of human beings are fulfilled, while not destroying what is left of the planet. Afforestation is a practice that has been propagated by government and non-government agencies of many countries as a way to stop over-exploitation of nature.
Conserving forests could cut carbon emissions as much as getting rid of every vehicle on Earth. Protecting forests has the greatest potential to mitigate climate change based on land area.
Afforestation offers a high carbon sequestration potential at moderate cost. A large-scale afforestation might lead to a considerable increase in food prices through increasing competition for land between forest and agricultural production. The growing, trees take up carbon from the atmosphere and store it in their biomass (biogeochemical effect). On the other hand, changing land-cover to trees also affects the amount of short-wave radiation reflected back to space (biogeophysical effect), directly by surface albedo and indirectly by the contribution to cloud formation.
Several studies with earth system models have shown that an expansion of forest in the tropics results in cooling, while afforestation in the boreal zone might have only a limited effect or might even result in global warming and provide a good overview over the biogeochemical and biophysical processes that affect global and local temperatures as a consequence of land-cover and management change.
It was necessary to remove carbon dioxide from the air, by creating so-called negative emissions, as well as cutting our emissions. A massive programme of tree-planting could significantly reduce the warming trend. Replanting forests could play a big role, to cut emissions to zero by mid-century.
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