I need a book to learn about the basic phenomenon and the mathematical equations governing the flow of a fluid in a porous media. The book focussing more on the basics.
I think a good place to start if you have a limited background in fluid mechanics is "incompressible Flow " by R. L. Panton. This book is one i have used for a first year graduate class in fluid mechnaics for chemical engineers, even though the book is written by a mechanical engineer for mechanical engineering students. A more basic book aimed at undergraduates is Fluid Mechanics by F. M. White. Both books would be a good foundation to appreciate Bachelor's Fluid Dynamics textbook, a must read for any serious student in fluid mechanics. With Panton and White as background you are ready to tackle flow in porous media. I think a good start would be Jacob Bear's "Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media (1988). Depending on the application you have in mind ( single-phase or multiphase flow) you should seek out specialized monographs For example Dullien's "Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure(1991)"; Nield's "Convection in Porous Media (2010)"
If your work will be established using a commercial code (fluent, ansys, flow works, ...) it is better for you to follow manuals and helps of the selected code.
Personally I think Computational fluid dynamics by John D. Anderson, JR is one of the best I have ever read about the basic theory and simulation technology.
Specifically on the subject of porous media, for an introductory approach on phenomena description and mathematical modelling, in my opinion there is no better start than:
"Principles of heat transfer in porous media" M. Kaviany
"Dynamics of fluids in porous media" J. Bear
"Convection in porous media" D. Nield, A. Bejan
That are classical textbooks on the subject of porous media, from which you can easily progress to more specialized literature on the specific topic you are interested on. Good luck.
as a basic fluid mechanics I agree with Brian G Higgins, White is a good text book.
As for numerical modeling, go for Suhas Patankar Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow (excellent beginner´s book) and/or H. Versteeg, W. Malalasekera An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method and/or Ferziger, Perič
Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. All books writen in a very comprehensive way for engineers.
I do not recommend Transport phenomena by Bird, Stewart, Lightfoot - a bit mishmash, unless you want to have an overview of general N-S equations in different coordinate systems.
Academic resources on Fluid Mechanics are provided on :
SINGLE PHASE AND MULTIPHASE TURBULENT FLOWS (SMTF) IN NATURE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS | Jamel Chahed | 3 publications | Research Project (researchgate.net)
I would suggest that you can try my book "basics of fluid mechanics" it is free on this web site and on https://zenodo.org/record/6800537#.Y5-luaLMI-3. I might be bias but objectively I believe that I have best chapters on several topics. For example on chapter on fluid statics. It put to some mistakes that appear in other books like White. It also cover other topics like multi phase flow, added mass etc that you cannot find in any other books. If looking for a porous media you can continue with Bear's book.