No. Yes.
It depends on the problem you are trying to tackle. The material behaviour is the only thing that is real and for sure. All the measurements and models that we have developed have their value but also their limits. For certain applications the aforementioned parameters may be sufficient, for other not at all (e.g. even for the simplest isotropic material you need at least 2 elastic constants to describe elasticity, and you do not mention any parameters concerning crack propagation, fatigue, temperature and strain rate sensitiviy, or even density). Theoretically, if your analysis of the microstructure is detailed enough, you could predict all other properties. The problem is that in order to do that, you need to be able to characterize the microstructure up to its most fundamental level and understand all the interactions between the different constituents of the material from the atom level (and maybe even below) all the way up to the macroscopic level. In real life we will always have to make some assumptions and simplifications. Nevertheless, I think it is important to remember that the macroscopic mechanical of a material (expressed by things like UTS, hardness, elasticity constants,...) are ultimately determined by the underlying microstructure. So if you can characterize the microstructure with sufficient detail and know how to extrapolate its influence from the microscopic or even atomistic level to the macroscopic level, you can predict the macroscopic mechanical behaviour.
No. Yes.
It depends on the problem you are trying to tackle. The material behaviour is the only thing that is real and for sure. All the measurements and models that we have developed have their value but also their limits. For certain applications the aforementioned parameters may be sufficient, for other not at all (e.g. even for the simplest isotropic material you need at least 2 elastic constants to describe elasticity, and you do not mention any parameters concerning crack propagation, fatigue, temperature and strain rate sensitiviy, or even density). Theoretically, if your analysis of the microstructure is detailed enough, you could predict all other properties. The problem is that in order to do that, you need to be able to characterize the microstructure up to its most fundamental level and understand all the interactions between the different constituents of the material from the atom level (and maybe even below) all the way up to the macroscopic level. In real life we will always have to make some assumptions and simplifications. Nevertheless, I think it is important to remember that the macroscopic mechanical of a material (expressed by things like UTS, hardness, elasticity constants,...) are ultimately determined by the underlying microstructure. So if you can characterize the microstructure with sufficient detail and know how to extrapolate its influence from the microscopic or even atomistic level to the macroscopic level, you can predict the macroscopic mechanical behaviour.
I presume, you are talking about materials behavior under the influence of mechanical loading, e.g. hot rolling, forging, etc.
Assuming this, mechanical behavior of any metal or alloy will depend upon its chemistry (alloying), strain conditions including amount of strain, strain rate, temperature, softening mechanism operating under those deformation conditions. Stress-strain (flow) behavior is the resultant of the above and provides a good estimation of mechanical behavior. But, it should be coupled with detailed analysis of microstructure to develop a complete understanding of mechanical behavior. UTS and hardness are related but provide only a rough estimate of deformation load and nothing more.
I agree with other. But, do not forget that these properties change in different deformation conditions i.e. deformation temperature, amount of strain, strain rate. ....
Also, the texture of the material has also a considerable effect on the mechanical properties.
It is important dynamic test Charpy, tribological test. More - important sample of what was intended. I publications on this topic can view them.
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