In special relativity theory its very important:

In relativity theory, Einstein introduced mass as a new type of energy to the mix. Beforehand, the mass of something in kilograms was just a measure of how much stuff was present and how resistant it was to being moved around. In Einstein's new world, mass became a way to measure the total energy present in an object, even when it was not being heated, moved or irradiated or whatever else. Mass is just a super-concentrated form of energy and, moreover, these things can turn from one form to the other and back again.

Particle accelerators studying fundamental physics are another place where Einstein's equation becomes useful. Special relativity says that the faster something moves, the more massive it becomes. In a particle accelerator, protons are accelerated to almost the speed of light and smashed into each other. The high energy of these collisions allows the formation of new, more massive particles than protons – such as the Higgs boson – that physicists might want to study. Which particles might be formed and how much mass they have can all be calculated using Einstein's equation.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/05/einstein-equation-emc2-special-relativity-alok-jha

Special relativity implies a wide range of consequences, which have been experimentally verified,[1] including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass, mass–energy equivalence, a universal speed limit and relativity of simultaneity. It has replaced the conventional notion of an absolute universal time with the notion of a time that is dependent on reference frame and spatial position. Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval. Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy, as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum.[2][3]

• Einstein himself, in The Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity, Ann. Phys. 49 (1916), writes "The word "special" is meant to intimate that the principle is restricted to the case...". See p. 111 of The Principle of Relativity, A. Einstein, H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, H. Minkowski, Dover reprint of 1923 translation by Methuen and Company.]
• Wald, General Relativity, p. 60: "...the special theory of relativity asserts that spacetime is the manifold ℝ4 with a flat metric of Lorentz signature defined on it. Conversely, the entire content of special relativity ... is contained in this statement ..."

In a spacetime setting, the length of a rigid object is the spatial distance between the ends of the object measured at the same time.

from wikipedia

If we assume that DNA is a chain of Josephson Junctions the following is of great importance

Shape waves are excitations propagating along Josephson vortices or fluxons. In the case of two-dimensional Josephson junctions (thick long Josephson junctions with an extra dimension) described by the 2D sine-Gordon equation, shape waves are distortions of a Josephson vortex line of an arbitrary profile. Shape waves have remarkable properties exhibiting Lorentz contraction and time dilation similar to that in special relativity. Position of the shape wave excitation on a Josephson vortex acts like a “minute-hand” showing the time in the rest-frame associated with the vortex. At some conditions, a moving vortex with the shape excitation can have less energy than the same vortex without it.

References

• D. R. Gulevich, F. V. Kusmartsev, Sergey Savelev, V. A. Yampolskii, and Franco Nori, (2008). "Shape waves in 2D Josephson junctions: Exact solutions and time dilation ". Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (12): 127002. arXiv:0808.1514. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.101l7002G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.127002. PMID 18851404.
• from Wikipedia

The Epistemological Crisis in Modern Physics

Amrit Sorli*, Steven Kaufman*

ABSTRACT

In physics today it often happens that experimental data is interpreted as proof of a phenomenon that has not been

directly observed, but for which phenomenon there is a theoretical model. With the obtained data acting thereby as

proof, the model then becomes recognized as “real,” after which the theoretical phenomenon that the model

describes also then becomes recognized as “real” – that is, the heretofore purely theoretical phenomenon is

acknowledged as a physical reality, even though it has never been observed, by either instruments or human

senses. This relatively new situation, in which unobserved phenomenon come to be treated as if they had been

directly observed, has lead modern physics into deep epistemological crisis of which it is not yet aware. The

purpose of this article is both to identify the epistemological crisis created by this situation, as well as to present a

solution to overcoming this crisis.

Key Words: Epistemology, Higgs field, gravitational waves

DOI Number: 10.14704/nq.2018.16.2. NeuroQuantology 2018; 16, 2:

Introduction

Recently, two Nobel prizes were given for the

discovery of phenomena that have not yet been

observed by either instruments or human senses,

namely: the Higgs field and gravitational waves.

In the Higgs field research, it was found that

extremely rarely (one in millions of collisions of

protons) a characteristic flux of energy can be

measured that has been named the “Higgs

boson.” For modern physics, the discovery of the

Higgs boson stands as proof of the existence of

the Higgs field, even though such a field has been

neither measured by instrument nor observed by

human senses. Similarly, in gravitational wave

research, it has been found that the laser light

motion in the LIGO interferometer sometimes

takes a bit longer or shorter time when passing

the beams, and this has been interpreted as

occurring when a gravitational wave is

theoretically passing through the interferometer.

For modern physics, the minimal time variability

of the laser light stands as proof of the existence

of gravitational waves, even though such waves

have been neither measured by instrument nor

observed by human senses. In both of these cases,

there is an “epistemological gap” between

obtained data and the interpretation of that data

that represents a serious problem from the

standpoint of the epistemology of physics.

The weak point of the methodology of modern

physics

The Special Theory of Relativity (STR), published

in 1905, deeply changed the methodology of

physics. As a result of STR, it became and remains

an accepted truth that time is the 4th dimension of

space, and as such has an actual physical

existence. The formalism X 4 = ict has

convinced the majority of physicists that time is

the 4th dimension in the space-time model. And

so, as a consequence of the acceptance of the

space-time model, physicists are also convinced

that time, as the 4th dimension of space, has a real

physical existence, although there is no direct

experimental evidence whatsoever for this, nor

Corresponding author: Amrit Sorli, Steven Kaufman

Address: Foundations of Physics Institute – FOPI, Slovenia

e-mail
[email protected], [email protected]

Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any

commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Received: 12 July 2017; Accepted: 7 September 2017