It‘s the (type of) detectors at the end of the HPLC column that allow molecular mass determination. So, per se, you don’t use HPLC to determine molecular mass; rather it separates the components. The first part of a GPC/SEC set up is an appropriate separation column. In an HPLC the small components tend to elute first. The reverse is true in a SEC column.
No, you can't. these instrument are completely different either in the type of column or in the type of detectors. In an SEC or GPC, column is packed with fine, porous beads that provide pore size of various ranges. when the polymer solution enters the column, smaller molecules enter the pores and elute slowly, while larger ones easily pass the void volume of the column. HPLC separate the component of liquid sample irrespective to their size. by the way you might mount the SEC column on your HPLC instrument (change the column if possible). PFA.
Alan is correct. There is Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) then there is Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC), Ion Chromatography (IC), and Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC). The only one of the group that does not come under High Performance LIquid Chromatography (HPLC) is IC.
Assuming HPLC refers to RPLC the answer is no. You can identify the peaks of the oligomers but cannot generate molecular weight data. Mw or Mn. A SEC column with the appropriate detectors and software can be used to generate the data you need.