As Hein said, you give us very little data on your questions in a complex area of study. SA is I assume South America and the history varies, there, country to country. So, too, do the ways in which data is collected and presented.
One of the hardest things to learn is how to frame a question so it is precise and your needs sufficiently concrete that another can respond. I find that in teaching PhD students working on a thesis or dissertation that hardest job is helping them carefully define their subject in a way that is clear.