Can anyone help me with some material regarding the toxicity/acceptability of surfactants, especially, cosurfactants? For my current research I'm using 1-octanol as it's less irritating than butanols and also a better enhancer for the topical delivery of active substances. However, I have to admit that it has that persistent smell that some might not be keen on... Thank you.
Have you tried lower molecular weight alcohols (i. e., butanols). In our research, we have used isobutanol in some microemulsions for pharmaceutical applications). I do not know though, whether this alcohol is "pharmacutically acceptable". Good luck.
Hi Victor,
if you want to use the alcohols as cosurfactants then the butanol or pentanol would probably be the best choice. Ethanol and propanol namely behave as structure breakers, but alcohols higher than pentanol profoundly behave as oils and not really as cosurfactants. However, I also do not think that these alcohols are pharmaceutically acceptable. For more details please check the following two papers on the topic of microemulsion systems of nonionic surfactant with alcohols:
1. Nonionic surfactant Brij 35 in water and in various simple alcohols: Structural investigations by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering. By: Tomsic, M; Bester-Rogac, M; Jamnik, A; et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B Volume: 108 Issue: 22 Pages: 7021-7032 Published: JUN 3 2004
2. Ternary systems of nonionic surfactant Brij 35, water and various simple alcohols: Structural investigations by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering. By: Tomsic, M; Bester-Rogac, M; Jamnik, A; et al.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE Volume: 294 Issue: 1 Pages: 194-211 Published: FEB 1 2006
...and some more detailc on the structure of pure alcohols in the paper:
3. Structural properties of pure simple alcohols from ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, to hexanol: Comparing Monte Carlo simulations with experimental SAXS data. By: Tomsic, Matija; Jamnik, Andrej; Fritz-Popovski, Gerhard; et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B Volume: 111 Issue: 7 Pages: 1738-1751 Published: FEB 22 2007
Cheers!
Matija
Hi Victor.
I don't know what you are using for surfactants, but to be pharmaceutically acceptable I am guessing you may be using a Tween of some sort. If that is indded the case, you can try one of the Kolliphors (formerly known as Cremophor).
Good luck!
Bob
I can give you a reference for try to determinate what is the best shape of the molecule that you need acoording to your experiment to act like a cosurfactant or a lipophilic linker:
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/998/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11743-998-0043-1.pdf?auth66=1395491254_7bd660d5cde7cf2acc84926a17251326&ext=.pdf
Thank you Achinta for your answer. However, I am trying to obtain a high permeation through skin for my active substance. This is why I am using octanol as a cosurfactant, being a know enhancer.
Take a look of a preview of the book "Current Technologies to Increase the Transdermal Delivery of Drugs" by José Juan Escobar-Chávez here:
http://books.google.gr/books?id=Ne82bXNAP5UC&printsec=frontcover&hl=el&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
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