In fixed bed reactors, usually native biosorbers tend to compact and block the water flow. Therefore I need to stabilize the biosorbent by using a simple method such as to encapsulate or entrap the biosorbent in a rigid medium so it won't compact and block the water flow.
If we are thinking about granulation, we should remember the fallowing:
"While granulation is essential for advancement of biosorption as a technology, it is more of a trial-and-error task making it difficult for academic researchers to make a significant contribution" (Volesky, B., 2001. Detoxification of metal–bearing effluents: Biosorption for the next century. Hydrometallurgy 59, 203–216).
If you would like to read more about immobilization of the biosorbents check these references:
1) Kratochvil, D., and Volesky, B. (1998). Advances in the biosorption of heavy metals. Trends in Biotechnology, 16, 291–300.
2) Wang, J., Chen, C. 2009. Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future. Biotechnology Advances, 27, 195–226.
Prof. Atul Kumar, I'm interested in removing heavy metals and textile dyes using aquatic plants such as Hydrilla verticillata. Thank you for you answer sir.
Artis Robalds, Thank you for your references.
You may see the following articles for biosorption using macrophytes
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-012-1342-x?no-access=true
http://www.eco-web.com/edi/030717.html
http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/2/Ts-2%20batch%20and%20continuous%20packed%20column%20studies%20of%20cadmium%20biosorption%20by%20hydrilla%20verticillata%20biomass.pdf
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