Hello

Generally there are two strategies for niosome or liposome preparation; the first set involves dissolving the whole lipids in organic solvent(s) for molecular level mixing of the bilayer constituents, then removing the organic solvent and hydration of formed lipid thin films or surfaces by an aqueous medium Film hydration , reverse phase evaporation (REV) , ether injection , dehydration rehydration (DRV) ,and solvent evaporation from double emulsion droplets . are the most common methods in which an organic solvent is exploited. The second strategy involves the direct mixing of lipids and hydration medium,usually in high elevated temperature, which has the advantage of not having the hazardous effects of residual of organic solvents on entrapped substance or biologically applied environments. The widely used and welldocumented methods for vesicle production include heating and sonication of lipid ,homogenization of lipids , lamellar liquid crystal transformation , heating (Mozafari method) , supercritical CO2 , inert gas bubble , microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing and the electroformation of vesicles which utilizes alternating electric fields to generate vesicles in aqueous solutions of the amphiphilic molecules

in attachment A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy Entitled ( Design and Characterisation of Niosomes for Ocular Delivery of Naltrexone Hydrochloride )

i hope help you

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Hi,

Attached please find a couple of manuscripts describing methods for niosome and nanoliposome preparation using toxic-solvent-free methods such as "Mozafari Method".

thanks, Dr. M. R. Mozafari