Can anybody explain me the working of rods and cones as a photo receptor in eyes?

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I want to establish a water quality testing lab. what are the requirements and what permissions are necessary in India?

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I'd like to know advantages and disadvantages of 808 nm diode laser and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) machines for permanent hair removal.

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How the laser is used for the surgery of eye color change?

I read, The color of the eye can be converted from brown to blue. That's why the question is raised in my mind. Which wavelength is used for this operation.

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Do you think the evolution of the mankind is always in the positive and right direction?

Since the mankind is destroying the ecology.. the temperature of the globe is increasing.. that's why the question.

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In Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), is it necessary to use filters? What are the advantages of using filters in IPL?

I think it is not necessary to use filters in Intense Pulse Light therepy.

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Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan

I hope that enclosed my lecture on Physiology of the Eye will be useful.

Good luck !

Ashok D Gaikwad

Thanks Marianne Shahsuvaryan.

Dear Mr. Gaikwad,

If you are interested I can send you Lecture on the Anatomy of the Eye

Thanks Marianne Shahsuvaryan. Kindly send the lecture on the Anatomy of the Eye.

The crucial proteins which is supposed to sense color is opsins. I want to know the mechanism of opsins to sense colors.

I think the following research paper is important in this context.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781858/pdf/rstb20090051.pdf