These probes are available from many commercial sources, but this company site give a very nice overview: https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/assays-for-cell-viability-proliferation-and-function/assays-for-apoptosis.html

TUNEL staining for apoptosis and LC3B staining for autophagy are very commonly used. These can be fluorecence or non-fluor, like immunoperoxidase.

You can try microscopy analysis of chromatin condensation or microscopy analysis with antibodies specifically recognizing the active form of caspases

Hello Chittaranjan Behera

You may refer to the links below for fluorescence microscopy based assays for apoptosis and autophagy.

https://www.abcam.com/kits/apoptosis-assays

https://www.abcam.com/autophagycytotoxicity-dual-staining-kit-ab133075.html

https://www.abcam.com/autophagy-assay-kit-ab139484.html

Best.

Hello Chittaranjan Behera ,

You may use immunostaining for apoptosis-specific proteins (for example cleaved caspase 3 - the active form of an enzyme) or TUNEL staining.

Hello C. B.,

There is a comprehensive guideline for autophagy monitoring published in PubMed. Please check it in following link:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33634751/

If confocal microscope is available for your institute, LC3 immunofluorescent staining is a common method for alternatively monitoring autophagy. Others, if autophagy is a key factor for your investigation, autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin A, 3-methyladenine) might offset your treatment and which could be direct evidence for incidence of autophagy.