by heating up to 900C the anatase TiO2, will it transform to rutile which is more stable and how to differentiate from the XRD patterns
Dear Layla Brini ,
for the difference of the XRD pattern just 'google' for 'comparison of anatase and rutile XRD'.
You will get a lot of search results;
for example
Fig 4 of:
Article Preparation of hollow TiO2 nanoparticles through TiO2 deposi...
Fig. 1 of:
https://chalcogen.ro/1001_HamdanSA.pdf
and Fig. 2 of:
Article Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Photocatalyt...
Please have also a look at the answers of the following RG question:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Where_can_i_get_XRD_patterns_about_anatase_and_rutile
Good luck and
best regards
G.M.
Dear Layla Brini
In my limited experience, heating a relatively fine anatase powder (average diameter 0.5 micron by gas permeability) for 1 hour from 900 to 1000 degC resulted in just the appearance of traces of rutile, based on XRD. At the same time the powder coarsened somewhat (to average diameter of 1.1 micron). I relied for this on Iida, Y. and Ozaki, Sh., DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1961.tb13725.x. The purpose was to eliminate water but with minimum conversion. The atmosphere was almost certainly nitrogen (didn't specifically write it down).
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