The Australia-China bilateral relationship was based on strong economic and trade complementarities and longstanding community and cultural links. Chinese investment into real estate in NSW, WA, Queensland, while Australia was a haven for Chinese students and the young generation to migrate to a beautiful country far away from the Communist mindset, compulsory Army training, and rigid control of fundamental rights. In 2018 annual two-way trade between China and Australia reached almost 215 Bil AUD. Iron ore, gas and coal make up the bulk of Australian exports to China (more than AUD 79 billion), but Australian service industries – was led by education and tourism. In 2021, bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to approximately US$231.2 billion, a rise of 35.1 percent year-on-year, however, relations have soured dramatically in the last 5 years and militarily Australian strategy had hardened against China forcing Australia to join AUKUS-The UK, US and Australia have announced a historic pact to counter China. Emerging cooperation between India and Australia is widely understood as a response to the China challenge that is facilitated by multilateral groupings like the Quad. But the recent signing of the Australia–India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) on 2 April suggests the bilateral relationship is much more substantial.

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