What technologies are we using at field level? I would highly appreciate the indication of any such relevant study. Thanks!
We are looking forward to the era of agriculture 4.0.
Not sure which view you take but the question is misleading and ignores the real situation world's agriculture.
To answer the question, which technology we use on field level: in nearly all places of the world besides the big industry farms, we use still primarily hoe and shovel, rather than a tractor.
The playground for Agri 4.0 will be Africa and SE-Asia, where yield needs to surpass the costs to make the growing population independent from imports from the first world whose turbo farming produces for less costs then any local business. .Maybe that USA and Australia think of Agri 5.0, but in Africa we face the basic infrastructure barrier, when we ask if there is at least internet available on the fields in the savanna or wood hills. The question is hence, what do we need to make IoT and AI available for the remote and rural areas. Agriculture does not happen in the big city centres. We need technology to farm, to protect environment and to give young people a chance to become researchers w/o leaving their rural home towns and getting lost in a big city jungle of the capitals.
Agriculture needs internet and energy on the fields. 4.0 is a vision but still far away.
Axel Angeli Thank you for your opinion.
I partially agree with you. (as I am not just talking about Africa, Africa is not the trend setter)
Let me draw a rough picture for you about the current research going on in this field. After the USA, Spain, Italy and Greece grace the highest position in digitalizing agriculture. Holland´s Wageningen University holds a prominent position and is currently running million dollar projects on smart agriculture, precision agriculture, sustainable agriculture or agriculture 4.0.
Please also have a look on this paper (Article From Smart Farming towards Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Crop...
)published earlier in 2020 on Agriculture 5.0 and let me know do you consider us living in the era of hoe and shovel?Let me show you the example of Spain only, where Canaria Islands Government is running projects on digital/smart agriculture called "Proyecto Recolecta". Link: https://proyectorecolecta.com
The local government of each province subsidizes and awards all the farms implementing and adopting the agricultural technologies. Private companies dealing with drones, field based photogrammetry, smart irrigation solutions, green house technologies etc. are high in demand given their services for ferti-irrigation, crop monitoring and so on.
I also invite you to have a look on this recently published study (Article Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) in Agriculture: A Pursuit of...
) where field based projects are being carried out from USA to Australia; all over the world.A part from this, do you know why did NOKIA disappeared from the market? They said we do not need to change. The world left them. Do you think it would be fine proclaiming that world is not developed as I do not have any access to latest iPhone, PCRs, 3500 Genetic Analyser etc?
Accepting and striving for the greater good is important and indispensable for survival and growth. Nevertheless, I do not overlook the harsh realities about economic and technological lags in Africa, rather my question was about the current scope of technological advancements in agriculture. How can we make novel technologies accessible for developing countries is another debate.
Thanks!
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Agriculture 1.0 - Agriculture of the beginning of the 20th century: low labor productivity and, therefore, highly dependent on labor.
Agriculture 2.0 - After the Second World War: Mechanization, genetic improvement, fertilizers and phytochemicals at scale.
Agriculture 3.0 - At the end of the 20th century: GPS in the monitoring of agricultural operations, telemetry, remote sensing and data management and analysis systems.
Agriculture 4.0 - Already in this century (2010) with mobile broadband, the internet of things (at least the beginning), more accessible sensors, actuators and processors and therefore, popularized, the "Cloud", the "Big Data" "," Business Analytics "and accelerated digital transformation.
Agriculture 5.0 - "BlockChain", Artificial Intelligence, automation and robotization at scale, decision systems and autonomous vehicles.
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We have all of them at the same time.
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