The water absorption index (WAI) measures the volume occupied by a substance after swelling in excess of water. Water holding capacity is how much water (by volume, mass, weight) a substance can hold.
Water holding is about dissolving (hydrophilic) constituents of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins in the food
but water absorptionindex is related with starch proportion amylose/amylopectin ratio in the food, for enstance : as the amylopectin increase the absorption index also increase