I will measure PTSD among nurses working in emergency departments and ICUs
The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including:
Monitoring symptom change during and after treatment
Screening individuals for PTSD
Making a provisional PTSD diagnosis
The gold standard for diagnosing PTSD is a structured clinical interview such as the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5). When necessary, the PCL-5 can be scored to provide a provisional PTSD diagnosis.
http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp
Private detective agency. Just as well known behavior for private insurance, public insurance on some occasions of high suspicion, e.g. Feigned, exaggerated, malingering, public and military disability bureaus employ similar measures.
https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2013/03/15/we-did-everything-we-could-seeing-cpr-fail-may-help-loved-ones-cope
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19133848
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/14/92
"CA survivors represent an important potential source for development of PTSD."
http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/45
The DSM is not much use for anything according to according to the current and former dissectors of the National Institute for Mental Health. According to Dr Thomas Insel, current director. The DSM is...
“at best, [the DSM is] a dictionary, creating a set of labels and defining each. The weakness is its lack of validity. Unlike our definitions of ischemic heart disease, lymphoma, or AIDS, the DSM diagnoses are based on a consensus about clusters of clinical symptoms, not any objective laboratory measure. In the rest of medicine, this would be equivalent to creating diagnostic systems based on the nature of chest pain or the quality of fever. Indeed, symptom-based diagnosis, once common in other areas of medicine, has been largely replaced in the past half century as we have understood that symptoms alone rarely indicate the best choice of treatment.”
Dr Steven Hyman, a neuroscientist and former director acknowledged...
That there is no real theoretical basis for current drug treatments for mental illness. He noted that existing treatments have not changed since the 1950s, and don’t work to improve the lives of people who suffer from real mental illnesses:
“many patients with mental disorders remain symptomatic and often disabled despite existing treatments. For some significantly disabling conditions, such as the core social deficits of autism and the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia, there simply are no effective treatments.”
“The molecular actions of all widely used antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, and antipsychotic drugs are relatively unchanged from their 1950s prototypes. Current antidepressants alter levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin or norepinephrine in synaptic connections between certain nerve cells in the brain. This is the same basic action of the first modern antidepressant imipramine, discovered in 1957. Antipsychotic drugs act on several different neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, but the critical shared mechanism of all current antipsychotic drugs is blockade dopamine D2 receptors, the same mechanism of the prototype antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine, discovered in 1950.”
The CAPS is being revised for DSM-5 criteria; the revision should be nearly complete if not complete at this point. Contact Frank Weathers at Auburn.
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