Yes, It's possible. As every marker, its power is determined for its capacity to differentiate what are you looking for. For example, if you have markers that are associated with the sex determination it's possible, of course.
See
Kalia, R. K., Rai, M. K., Kalia, S., Singh, R., & Dhawan, A. K. (2011). Microsatellite markers: an overview of the recent progress in plants. Euphytica, 177(3), 309-334.
SSR markers are very powerful tool to determine genetic level variation. its frequency is quite high and reliable in comparison to other markers as RAPD, ISSR etc. because it is designed from conserved region sources .
I do not know any case of SSR markers determining sex in plants. However, it is possible to find an SSR marker that is tightly linked with a sex-determinig gene and two being inherited together.
I have to insist, if you read the paper that I have mentioned above you can find several references about it, including a fruit tree. I don't know what exactly are you looking for but the text below is an extract of this paper.
"Sex linked microsatellite markers have been described in several species like hemp (Rode et al. 2005), wild strawberry (Spigler et al. 2008), hop (Jakse et al. 2008), Carica papaya (Parasnis et al. 1999) and Actinidia chinensis (Fraser et al. 2009). Parasnis et al. (1999) used a microsatellite probe (GATA)4 as a diagnostic marker in papaya and demonstrated the sex-specific DNA variation at any stage of the plant development.
Recently, Fraser et al. (2009) constructed gene-rich female, male and consensus linkage maps of the diploid species A. chinensis using 644 microsatellite markers."
If you type in academic google "sex srr microsatellite" you can find more references. This other could be useful.
Elmeer, K., & Mattat, I. (2012). Marker-assisted sex differentiation in date palm using simple sequence repeats. 3 Biotech, 2(3), 241-247.