Doping means addition of small amount of compound or molecule or particles into the host material. By doping functionality of the host material is not changed but its proprties may be changed. i.e., electrical, optical
Compositing means two materials mixed (equal amount of two material or change the concentration of one material with respect other material) in such a way that the functionality and the properties changed dramatically and new born material is found which have different functionality and properties.
Fuctionalisation involves introduction of functional group or molecules into specific positions that gives them certain character. Eg. Fuctionalisation of silica with a molecule like proline makes it stereospecific. On the other hand the doping is addition of impurity which enhances certain certain properties. Eg. p-n semiconductors materials, mixed metal oxides. Also fuctionalisation is mainly at surface whereas doping may not be necessarily surface related.
This seems to be a situation where the term BULK functionalization might otherwise be explicitly stated to distinguish it from the implicit understanding of functionalization as a surface-related process. However, functionalizing seems also to have two meanings. One is to functionalize a chemical or material to change its chemistry. Adding functional groups to molecules or surfaces via chemical reactions is an example. The other is to functionalize a device to change its performance. Doping can be an example. Doping can be localized to a surface region. In semiconductor devices where the components are placed across a surface, this is indeed the case.
So, the use is confusing until you recognize that chemists and (electrical/chemical) engineers use the same word for different situations.