Yes, they are better alternatives. If properly built, maintained and operated, constructed wetlands can effectively remove many pollutants associated with municipal and industrial wastewater and storm water. Such systems are especially efficient at removing contaminants such as BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, and even metals. They are cost efficient in terms of construction, operations and maintenance.

The question premise is wrong

constructed wetlands are a great way for small-scale wastewater treatment, say up to a few hundred people.

But if you want to treat the results of thousands or more (say a town or a city) it will be unpractical.

Constructed wetlands take space and time and are not necessarily cheap to build, it depends on the location, land cost, slopes etc. They are also slow compared to activated sludge facilities.

So, it depends on the context!

They are best for secondary or tertiary treatment. Only useful for primary treatment if CW is vast, lengthy with a small gradiet flow

Melvin Nyonneoh Karwah

They can be used as alternatives only for small-scale wastewater treatment plants. They are efficient in removing pollutants only if it is operated and maintained properly.

Dear Researcher - MNK

All respondents- AA, AS, ToO,

Have given apt answers, MNK can use

Wish to add that both macro and micro pollutants can be bio- remedied using appropriate plants in their rhizomes, and other members of the plants.

It is to be remembered that these pollutants are fixed in the plants

These plants need to be isolated and duly taken care, not to affect the features of Environment.

The initial stage of phyto R would have more pollutants fixed,

The later part will be fairly clean & clear off the pollutants, hence the effluent water may be used as recycled good-water for secondary purposes.

It is also suggested that if cropping plants are desired to be done,

then the following practice of using FLOAT BEDS can be used.

It's advantageous to crop the produce ex situ. While the treatment process is ongoing.

The notings issued for benefit

ESG ly ie

Environmental

Social for communities and

Economic advantages Etc..

With Best wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University Chennai India

and NGO

www.vigyanvijay.org

Can consult on

[email protected]

With well wishes..

I agree with Yoram Gerchman

Constructed wetlands take up a huge space and leave a big footprint. Also, it is a climate-dependence process, so they are not efficient in cold and polar regions.