An international and governmental organization must look on a reconstruction of environmental policy and its interface with the tasks of economic development which will ensure a reduction in pollution and the creation of new jobs in Life Conserve Industry as an only sole way to a sustainable development. In such way, a spread of algae global scale cultivation can promote new design and building of biological systems as well as an opening possibility for the shift from non-efficient protection of the environment to its cultivation in a large scale with mitigation of GHG emission and waste as well as generating of O2 and value-added products. This is the non-alternative path with significant longer-term effects.
Kenneth. you is not professional in algae feedstocks, technologies, conversion of biomass, etc. I open discussion for modern professionals
I already popularly explained to you that when we use fossil fuel reserves, we increase GHG emissions. The production of algae feedstock for value added products and also including the carbon neutral biofuel leads to a decrease in this emission.
Only a part of bioenergy is used in “respiration” - the bulk is storage by increasing the biomass of higher life forms. This is evidenced by the balance - there is an increase in the population of people, animals, etc. Therefore, for a new regulation of the CO2/O2 ratio, we need to ensure the correct balance of bioenergy accumulation and pollution reduction. There algae also have a major role. The inclusion of algae in Industrial cycles: cultivation using wastewater and solid waste contributes 1) to improving the balance of CO2/O2 in photosynthesis, 2) through the utilization of organic and mineral compounds + solar energy - bioenergy is accumulating in their biomass and at the same time sources of emissions and pollution are eliminated. Only in the use of their biomass for the production of biofuels, carbon returns to the atmosphere but with mitigation vehicle GHG emissions by 50 - 80 % compared to petroleum diesel.
The inclusion of algae biomass in Biological Cycles makes it possible to ensure storage of the bioenergy in biomass including C in higher organisms and increasing in this biomass indicates that this process dominates over the “respiration”which originated producing CO2.
Besides Kenneth all the others also think correctly) IEA 2017. State of Technology review – algae bioenergy. In: IEA Bioenergy Inter-Task Strategic Project, Task 39. http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/IEA-Bioenergy-Algae-report-update-Final-template-20170131.pdf
I think they part of the solution, but not the only solution. I think -CCU Caron Capture and Utilization using chemical methods and using directly renewable will be more important. Microalgae more for food, feed and more complex compounds
Kenneth. Yes, very clear that algae through the utilization of organic and mineral compounds + solar energy - bioenergy is accumulating in their biomass and at the same time sources of emissions and pollution are eliminated. Only in the use of their biomass for the production of biofuels, carbon returns to the atmosphere but with mitigation vehicle GHG emissions by 50 - 80 % compared to petroleum diesel.
In case the use of fossil fuel we no make utilization of air carbon, but only increase air CO2 and other GHG gases.
Martins. Why do you think so?
Explaining the balance more simpler - biofuel, with the right choice of raw materials, does not add CO2 to the air and therefore is often called neutral CO2 fuel, fossil fuel adds because, when burned, the released CO2 produced from carbon conserved many millions of years ago.
Kenneth, I was always accurate). You you look only at the detail as a CO2 and forget about other GHG gases). This is at the first. Secondly, remember the mathematics:
cultivation of natural algae = sun + pollutants = air - CO2 + biomass. Only in the second stage - the combustion of biofuels is produced CO2 + other gases. Due to this balance - conditionally called as neutral fuel.
On the other hand. Combustion of fuel from fossil fuel products = only CO2 + more other GHG gases.
It is a very elementary and it knows any professional
no, algae in photosynthesis assimilate only CO, the reduction in the emission of other GHG gases in combustion is due to the chemical composition of the algae and the fuel produced from them. How old is you?
Dear Abd El-Fatah Abomohra, Simultaneously with you, international organization and researchers as the main constraints for microalgae biofuels have described the cost of their production based on comparing with prices of oil fuels and crop biofuels. However, the analyses of investment and subsidies showed that microalgae biofuels are not received any investment for commercialization as well as subsidies similar to Big Oil, and crop biofuel as well as have not support of committees or lobbyists and government actions to modify the risk. Therefore, comparison of the cost of microalgal biofuel production with a subsided prices of oil and crops biofuel is a methodical mistake as the governments have paid part of their fuel price from public funds as well as it is necessary to take into account also large scale production competitive benefits. Our analysis confirm our position:
Avagyan AB 2018. Algae to Energy and Sustainable Development. Technologies, Resources, Economics and System analyses. New Design of Global Environmental Policy and Live Conserve Industry. Amazon, CreateSpace, ISBN-13: 978-1718722552, ISBN-10: 1718722559, Kindle e-book: ASIN: B07DFQBFFD
Kenneth, you have not professional knowledge in this field but participating in discussion. At first of all, you need to read many books and articles about GHG content are and how biofuel decrease emission. You have already shown your stupidity in many cases. Therefore, I do not pay attention to your stupidities
Respecting your age - earlier and higher, I already explained everything to you so that it would be understandable even to a schoolboy
read books and articles about GHG emission and biofuel.I do not have time to embrace elementary truths
The industrial use of microalgae for wastewater purification based on their mixotrophic growth is alternative important approaches as microalgae has higher stability, which enables their application in more concentrated and toxic environment, with a higher purification level compared with activated sludge. In our experiment the separate use Chlorella microalgae for purification wastewater of phenylalanine manufacturing with high quantity of phenol was the sole decision for biological cleaning as activated sludge cannot help in such case. Generation of the symbiosis between bacteria of activated sludge and microalgae in wastewater treatment plant (WTP) aeration oxidation ponds must be also a general way of improving wastewater cleaning, as microalgae is also a cost effective flocculent, which allows the silts to settle more quickly, accumulates heavy metals, etc. On the development technology for Yerevan chemical reagents and vitamin plants industrial WTP, we recommended two phase biological purification: first phase by the use Chlorella with commercial production of biomass (only using of activated sludge was no sustainable due high concentration of organic components) and at second phase – transfer centrate with rest amount of microalgae cells to aero thanks with activated sludge aimed to formation bacteria-microalgae consortium. We offer also the addition of microalgae biomass in tailings ponds of Canadian oil sands operators aimed at the improvement of the microbial balance for the water speedily cleaning, recycling and reusing from arsenic, cyanide, naphthenic acids, mercury, sulphuric acid, carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with mitigation of GHG emission, etc. For this objective the use of microalgae biomass may be in the following variants: the use accounted volume of non-separated microalgae suspension produced by the use of food scraps, the centrate to inject into the tailing ponds for creating the microalgae-bacteria symbiosis.
Armen B Avagyan 2018. The industrial use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and mitigation of environment degradation. J Environ Res 2: 73.
Our theory includes generalized explanations of how nature works, confirmed by pieces of evidence, cover predictions for further technological developments towards economically and environmentally sustainable industrial processes as well as provides the role of bioenergy accumulation and transformation for improved understanding about evolution, influences of anthropogenic activity, decision-makers errors, technological choices, pandemics prevention and the necessary skills toward the innovation algae-based system. The possibility of origination and evolution of the landforms of life were the results of bioenergy accumulation by microalgae and at present, the contribution of algae remains dominant in reducing CO2 and maintaining O2 level in the atmosphere. Population growth stimulates the accumulation of air carbon and bioenergy. The production and application of fertilizers originated large GHG emissions and it is a big conceptual need to shift on organic agriculture including algae fertilization of soil to contribute long-term sustainability. The used technologies for 1G biofuels production, as well as microalgae to biofuel based on biomass phototrophic growth by the use of fertilizers, are induced aggressively increasing GHG emission instead of their mitigation. Microalgae biofuel has big potential in case the use of wastewaters and food waste for biomass growth. The priority strategy for dealing with future pandemics treats such as COVID-19, etc. must be increasing the stability of immunity system of humans and animals to infections and due to a high concentration of physiologically active compounds in microalgae they application can be the best decision. Analyses of the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Climate Agreement, etc. results provide that their application has many disadvantages. The New policy must be founded on the admitting of the Life Conserve industry as the new part of the production.
Armen B Avagyan 2020. Theory of Bioenergy Accumulation and Transformation: Application to Evolution, Energy, Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Manufacturing, Agriculture, Military Activity and Pandemic Challenges.
Athens Journal of Sciences 2020, 8: 1-23. https://www.athensjournals.gr/sciences/2020-3949-AJS-Avagyan-05.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0-5utPZdOcJXfjQWHVFbePYU_4hYo0jDVjTVC7Ei__oC8gj_g6FqtJqYg
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