The following literauture may be useful for your studies

Greenhouse gas (GHG) conversion factors are used to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by energy use. They are measured in units of kg carbon dioxide equivalent**. In order to convert 'energy consumed in kWh' to 'kg of carbon dioxide equivalent', the energy use should be multiplied by a conversion factor.

To convert from litres of petrol to kgCO2e emissions multiply by 2.331, so for example:

200 litres petrol = 200 x 2.331 = 466.2 kgCO2e

Carbon emissions are usually quoted in kgCO2/kWh.

Calculating your energy use and carbon emissions can be useful for monitoring energy use internally within a business, and also for public reporting of energy consumption and carbon emissions.

This updated guide is based on UK data published by Defra/DECC in 2014.

Publication date Sept 2014; Publication code CTL153.

you can contact them  on +44 (0)20 7170 7000 or email [email protected]

www.carbontrust.com/resources/.../carbon-footprinting.../conversion-fact...

Ref'2 

We calculate emissions from electricity generation based off figures from the EPA’s eGRID emission factors based on 2009 and 2012 data. On average, electricity sources emit 1.222lbs CO2 per kWh (0.0005925 metric tons CO2 per kWh). State CO2 emissions per kWh may vary greatly in accordance with the amount of clean energy in the energy supply (Vermont: 0.0055 lbs/kWh; North Dakota: 2.0685 lbs/kWh). (Source: EPA eGRID Summary Tables and Data Files)

Ref: Carbon fund organization

www.carbonfund.org/how-we-calculate

Dear Vahid

This Equivalency Calculator page http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html can help you to relate solar energy or solar power in terms of Electricity Reductions (kilowatt-hours) Gallons of gasoline consumed Passenger vehicles per year Miles driven by the average passenger vehicle per year Therms of natural gas Barrels of oil consumed Tanker trucks filled with gasoline Number of incandescent bulbs switched to compact fluorescent bulbs Home electricity use Number of tree seedlings grown for 10 years Acres of forests storing carbon for one year Acres of U.S. forest preserved from conversion to cropland Propane cylinders used for home barbecues Rail-cars of coal burned Pounds of coal burned Tons of waste recycled instead of land filled Number of garbage trucks of waste recycled instead of land filled Coal-fired power plant emissions for one year Number of wind turbines installed in terms of solar sunlight or solar energy captured.

Trust helpful, regards Gerro

Thank you Gerro for your answers.

I also found this article :

Ferhat, M. A., Meklati, B. Y., Smadja, J. and Chemat, F. (2006). An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel. Journal of Chromatography A, 1112, 121-126.

This article says that "to obtain 1 kWh from coal or fuel, 800 g of CO2 will be rejected in the atmosphere during combustion of fossil fuel " and its reference is:

J. Bernard, Sciences et vie 214 (2001) 68.

which I couldn't find (yet).

I published an article in "Energy" this spring on the topic. The problem is how to account for an present energy mix. Depending on your location that could vary allot. 

Levihn, F, 2014. "CO2 emissions accounting: Whether, how, and when different

allocation methods should be used", Energy, vol. 68, pp. 811-818.

Here is a link:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544214001200

Dear Vahid,

It depends on the fuel consumed to generate that 1 kWh of electricity.

Is it generated by a Diesel Gen or a Gas Turbine burning NG, or by a Mazot burning steam generator ,...?

And that what is the efficiency of these generation systems? How much fuel is burned to generate that 1 kWh output?

And that the output of 1 kWh is the pure output (excluding internal use of electricity) or it is the gross output? Although doesn't differ in the total GHG emissions.

Dear vahid,

You can used Homer .

Dear Vahid,

We have been working with these issues for years in Spain. The Observatory of Energy Sustainability is the result of our efforts.

As Hamed said, it will always depend on how you are generating that electricity. The electric mix of the country will guide you towards the factor you need. For instance, the Spanish Environmental Ministry publishes every year an study on the subject, providing a conversion factor for the emissions on final electric consumption. In 2013, it was 0,29 Kt CO2/GWh.

Hope, this helps.

Best regards.

http://www.upcomillas.es/en/bp-chair-on-energy-and-sustainability/observatory

What José suggests is only one of many possible allocation methodologies. That particular one seems to be an average mix allocation, which could be used. But, if you are interested in some kind of impact analysis, a marginal perspective must instead be adopted that takes the actual effect of changed consumption or production of kWh of electric power into account. This is discussed in the article I provided a link to earlier in this thread.

Thank you all for your answers.

https://www.researchgate.net/go.Deref.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fcleanenergy%2Fenergy-resources%2Fcalculator.html

In fact, there is not (or should not be) any universal answer to convert kWh electricity to CO2 emissions.

CO2 emissions depend on the primary source used to generate electricity and the generation efficiency.

CO2 emissions due to electricity depend then on the electric mix of the considered plant, utility or country. From memory, values range from 0 g/kWh (for some European "green utilities") to around 800 g/kWh (for my country, for instance) passing through intermediary values (like France, who generates 3/4 of its electricity from nuclear).

To convert kWh electricity to CO2 emission, you must have :

- the amount of combustibles used to generate the pointed electricity,

- the amount of electricity generated by each of the above combustibles,

- a conversion table of combustibles to CO2 emissions : when the origin of combustibles is identified, this has to be specific otherwise generic conversion factors can be taken (see international organisations tables).

Sorry to repeat myself, but...

The thing still is that if you want to convert kWh of electric power consumption to g CO2 emissions for an impact analysis, an average mix allocation should not be used.

The effect on power production is time dependent and some of the production is (generally) base load production, while other more flexible production mange peaks. To know the effect of changed behavior on either the production or consumption side you must know what the marginal production is. That is the change in the system that occur due to changed behavior.

Thus a number based on an average of the production mix is not appropriate for an impact analysis.

Its in this article:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544214001200

The formation energy of a CO2 molecule by burning a c atom is the case. since the C atoms exists in different forms so it depends on the chemical composition of the burning material. most of a fuels involve carbon atoms with C-H bonds.

So this is easy, firs calculate the formation energy of CO2 from fuel and you can obtain the equivalent electrical energy, that's it. and if you have energy you can calculate the equivalent CO2 produced.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Gibbs_free_energy_of_formation

Find a Wikipedia article that provides an answer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle_greenhouse_gas_emissions_of_energy_sources

The bp World Energy Report contains information about the global values of the kWh and CO2 emissions, and the associated conversations.

Find the report here 👇

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook.html