High-penetration of renewable power generation throughout the network might increase transmission/distribution congestion. What are the effective tools in both transmission and distribution level for managing congestion due to renewable penetration?
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Thanks,
Sobhan
Hmm. That's really important issue and very few literature found on this issue. I am not sure about the tool for congestion management for renewable penetration. But i am aware of technique for avoiding congestion and it is called "micro-grid".
This is a great question which the answer can be very broad and case dependent. Each power system is unique and so should be the solution for dealing with grid congestion due to renewable penetration.
Some factors come to my mind when dealing with this problem:
+ Flexibility characteristics of the power system (e.g. network topology, existence of phase-shift transformers, flexibility of the conventional generation, existence of energy storage facilities as pumped hydro, ...);
+ Grid location of the renewable installed capacity (i.e. is it installed mainly on distribution level or transmission level? renewable sources are electrically/geographically near the greatest loads or far away?)
+ Load flexibility (i.e. is there load able to modulate it's consumption? are there distribution networks able to isolate itself and operate autonomously - microgrids?).
If you know your power system well enough and consider these factors you should be able to envision a strategy to improve congestion situations.
Limited transmission capacity is already an issue in Germany where most of the wind resource is in the North and the largest demand is in the South. Much work on the issue has been done in the "DENA grid study" The original reports are in German, but there an English summary can be found here:
http://www.dena.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Energiedienstleistungen/Dokumente/dena-grid_study_summary.pdf
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