I am trying to delineate agriculture tile drainage in Midwest. I wonder if anyone has come across with GIS and sub-surface remote sensing techniques to detect tiles/objects buried in shallow depth of soil. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what type of remote sensing can be used to detect subsurface features? I can think of GPR (ground penetrating radar). Any other suggestions would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance !
In addition to Thermal IR option, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) also has the capability to detect sub-surface targets and buried characteristics. There are different SAR Imaging techniques which can be used for this purpose - for example using Angular Correlation Function (ACF) measurements to detect sub-surface targets. Following links of articles may be useful for further details:
1) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=4168355
2) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=702961&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D702961
3) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6049390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6049390
4) http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=904503
5) http://people.ee.duke.edu/~lcarin/DeminingMURI/00898763.pdf
Ground Penetrating RADAR is the option available for mapping the sub-surface spatial phenomena.
Dear Milan,
Are you looking for crop marks? There is a great number of publications in archaeological literature; the methods can be used partly for modern features as well. See e.g. Lasaponara & Masini 2007 (via RG), you may want to check out Agapiou et al. 2013 (open access). I got interesting results with entering this search term up in the RG search box.
We were also successful using archive aerial photos made in the 1950s (at that time the ploughing depth was smaller, so e.g. the Roman archaeological objects were not yet destroyed).
I am sorry if I misunderstood the question.
Kind regards, Balázs
dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5126560
Article Detection of archaeological crop marks by using satellite QuickBird
You might look at our use of UAV-based thermal imaging described in the following article:
Article Archaeological aerial thermography: A case study at the Chac...
Hello ALL,
Thank you so much for great feedback. I will look through all information that you guys have provided.
Milan,
most attempts to locate drainage tiles with GPR have failed. There is not enough contrast and they are usually placed in clay soils where GPR is ineffective.
As has been suggested SAR has capability to penetrate and get information upto about 70 cm or so however, that depends upon the soil condition and its moisture contents of the cover. If thermal sensing is combined along with the above, the composite provides better results.
You have another advantage is you prefer thermal band, its free in Landsat 8 at at least 1:50, 000 with all bands combinaded or 1:100,000 only the thermal.
regards
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