you may well use bioassay for detecting bioactive exudates. Then by applying SPE or solvent partition you mat collect separately neutral sugars and different functional groups, selecting the active ones. a generic protocol for handling exudates is as in http://www.ijbs.com/v09p0164.htm, but as far HPLC you may attempt TLC fractionation by checking old literature. Signaling substances are usually found in flavonoids class but sugar can be a substrate for many hosts and at end a simple test by adding to soil substrate activated charcoal up to 10%; this treatment would be an easy way of selecting active exudates. In treated pots all exudates are possibly absorbed dy active charcoal and you may measure growth and competition in vivo on your application as in prof. Ragan Callaway literature https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227985625_Dual_role_for_an_allelochemical_%28%29catechin_from_Centaurea_maculosa_root_exudates_regulates_conspecific_seedling_establishment
Article Dual role for an allelochemical: (±)‐catechin from Centaurea...
I do chemical analysis on xylem sap. The trace analysis is usually accomplished by HPLC. But for sugar, i think that you can do it by concentrating a bulk xylem sap.