I am working one a civil war final paper for my graduate course. I am interested in examining the dynamics of Sengal civil war.
First, I will be exploring the root causes of civil war from 1982-2014. What are the difference contexts and greivances that trigger the civil war?
As the main conflict essentially ended in 2014 with a ceasefire, I will then go on to explore how that ceasefire was initiated and access the effectiveness of the stabilization/nation-building elements within this ceasefire period.
However, despite ceasfire in place, low-level violence remains and the problem seems to be unresolved. This leads me to my last part, why the previous ceasefire manage to successfully end the war, but not mitigating the unrest in the region altogether. In other words, why is 2014 ceasefire successful in reducing violence but why the major problems unsolved leading to current low-level violence in Senegal? In short, this last part will explore why 2014 ceasefure is not perfect?
I am urgently in need of literature for that, any form of assistance will be highly appreciated. Thank you!
https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/New%20folder/Fall-A.-2010.Understanding-the-Casamance-Conflict-A-Background.pdf
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Armed-Conflicts-in-Africa%3A-Fragile-States-and-Bosch-Raubo/aa6a6169e0166547c87c3b81c5fddc20065b3f75
and if you do not mind citing news media:
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/may/26/senegal-conflict-youth-unemployment-jobs
The Casamance (Casamansa) conflict has several studies published in Portuguese since it was a former Portuguese colonial territory, sharing cultural and language characteristics with what is today Guinea-Bissau. Do you read Portuguese? Ziguinchor was a Portuguese fortress built in the late 15th century to support the ongoing slave trade of Jola populations sent for several colonial placements, including sugar plantations in Brazil. The Casamance conflict goes back to early-19th Portuguese-French colonial rivalry in the region, namely in Sambujat. Therefore, other than French studies, research published in Portuguese is really important.
You have available in English the following studies:
- Dalberto, Awenengo. Hidden debates over the status of the Casamance during the decolonization process in Senegal. The Journal of African History, Vol. 61, Iss. 1 (2020).
- De Jong, F. (2007). Masquerades of modernity: Power and secrecy in Casamance, Senegal. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Heil, Tilman. Comparing Conviviality: Living with Difference in Casamance and Catalonia. London: Springer, 2020.
- Lambert, Michael L. Violence and the War of Words: Ethnicity v. Nationalism in the Casamance. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 68 (1998).
- Linares, O. F. (1992). Power, prayer and production: The Jola of Casamance, Senegal (Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology) (Vol. 82). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Smith, E. (2012). Religious and cultural pluralism in Senegal: Accommodation through ‘proportional equidistance’? In M. Diouf (Ed.), Tolerance, democracy and Sufis in Senegal (pp. 147–179). New York: Columbia University Press.
- Thomson, S. (2011). Revisiting “Mandingization” in coastal Gambia and Casamance (Senegal): Four approaches to ethnic change. African Studies Review, 54, 95–121.
- Woocher, A. The 'Casamance Question': An Examination of the Legitimacy of Self-Determination in Southern Senegal. International Journal on Minority and Group Right, Vol. 7; Iss. 4 (2000).
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