i found anthocyanins e.g. pelargonidin, cyanin, etc , there is a chloride in their structure , as pelargonidin chloride, cyanin chloride etc
Please help me,
What does the chloride do or means there? And what is "counter ion" ?
Thank you, have a nice day.
Some compounds consist of a pair of ions, one that is positively charged and one that is negatively charged. An example is sodium chloride; here the sodium is present in the form of positively charged ions (from sodium atoms that have lost an electron) and chloride is a negatively charged ion form of chlorine (whose atoms have gained an electron). The term 'counterion' refers to the accompanying ion of opposite charge when talking about a particular ion. (In sodium chloride, chloride is the counterion of sodium, and vice versa.) Anthocyanin chlorides are compounds that consist of a coloured postively charged organic molecule that has chloride as its (negatively charged) counterion.
The chloride is a natural counterion that is present in plants.
The funny thing about anthocyanins is that the oxygen in the organic compound bears the positive charge (that pairs with the negative charge of chloride) at neutral pHs. It is an example of an "oxonium ion" and specifically called a flavylium ion in anthocyanins -- where the conjugation stabilizes the triply bonded oxygen atom to higher pHs. A triply bonded oxygen atom bears a formal charge of +1 to meet the octet rule. Most positively charged organic compounds (cationic) derive their charge from an ammonium moiety -- quadruply bonded nitrogen.
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