Saurabh Gupta

16 Questions 11 Answers 0 Followers

Questions related from Saurabh Gupta

In DSC, Why we calculate degree of crystallinity of EVA and POEs with respect to 100% melting enthalpy of polyethylene?

How can we compare Polyethylene and other Polyolefins (POEs) for calculating the degree of crystallinity of POEs, and what is the reason behind it? How does crystallization happen in these...

04 June 2025 7,124 6 View

For X-rays, refractive index of materials is less than 1, this means x-ray in materials travels greater than speed of light. How is this possible?

This is concluded by n = c/v.

20 March 2025 2,256 2 View

Is there any relation between refractive index and absorption of a material; can we have high refractive index with low absorption in elastomers?

Particularly, can we have an elastomer material with high transmission for the encapsulation of silicon solar cells so that the refractive index is found between glass(1.5) and silicon (3.9)for...

07 January 2025 7,754 4 View

How to calculate mass density of amorphous metal oxide films after knowing critical angle extracted from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) analysis?

I want to calculate mass densities step by step of amorphous thin films of Al2O3 and SnO2 while having critical angle information from X-ray reflectivity analysis. So, how to calculate from...

19 December 2024 505 2 View

What is the range of value for elastic modulus of elastomer encapsulant employed in photovoltaics?

I am studying polyolefins vs EVA elastomers, so I want to know a quantitative value of the standard range for elastic modulus needed while using these elastomers as encapsulants in photovoltaics.

09 July 2024 7,337 2 View

How to prevent atomic layer deposition (ALD) on some part of substrate area?

I do not want to deposit ALD-metal oxides on the metal-electrode portion of a lab-scale organic/perovskite solar cell. Like suggest few easily available hindering agents that can cover that...

05 July 2024 1,927 1 View

How ALD-Al2O3 can work as seeding layer for tin oxide deposition by thermal Atomic layer deposition (ALD)on a substrate?

While Al2O3 has 3 gm/cc and Tin oxide has 7 gm/cc measured on as low as 8nm films on same substrate, so how a rarer material can provide seeding to a denser material? As it seems that in rarer...

31 March 2024 9,359 1 View

What are the conversion formula and related theory to calculate conductivity in metal oxides due to oxygen vacancy/interstitial position?

Like I want to calculate electron density, mobility and conductivity in n-type Tin oxide knowing the value of x in tin oxide chemical formula SnO(2-x), where Sn:O = 1:(2-x).

05 January 2024 8,319 1 View

How to calculate resistance of known metal wire having holes (on lateral surface, hole height is same as height of wire- figure attached) in it?

figure of wire is attached, holes may be of random shape including mostly circular but height of hole is same as height of wire, we can find the area summation for all holes that is sum of white...

27 July 2023 8,390 0 View

How to clean EVA, POE, and TPO polymer's sheet samples before doing characterizations, is there any general procedure or any EVA and POE specific?

I need to do characterizations like DSC, FTIR, Thermo-mechanical, stress, adhesion tests, UV-Vis %T, and other required test for the above polymer sheets. So I need to clean the samples without...

11 July 2023 1,974 0 View

Does plastic sheet (like PVDF 0.4mm), using for substrate mask, degas inside UHV thermal evaporator and so high vacuum reaching time increased highly?

PVDF made mask was taking 6 - 7 times more to reach the 4E-6 mbar than when using stainless steel substrate mask. So is it due to degassing from PVDF and so this should not be used?

11 May 2023 5,136 8 View

I deposit calcium by UHV thermal evaporation using Ca metal charge, it leaves ashes in Boat & sides of film are blackish, is Ca film pure on all area?

I put charge as Ca metal granules of mm size in Boat and cover the boat with a cover having holes on it.

24 March 2023 5,585 2 View

I have Calicium metal grenules/flakes of um-mm sizes, does it require a 'covering having holes' above boat during UHV thermal evaporation of Ca metal?

I am doing UHV thermal evaporation of Calcium metal from calcium metal grenules. For powdered oxides we use a cover having holes in it above the boat. Should I use same for calcium?

23 February 2023 9,378 3 View

Calcium may have it's hydroxide by ambient exposure of box for a minute by mistake. Now, will thermal evaporation give only metal or derivatives also?

I want only Calcium metal thin film by evaporation. The color of metal granules is some blackish spots with metallic color. It is stored in an inert atmosphere.

01 January 2023 4,034 1 View

Calcium metal may have it's oxide due to little room exposure by mistake. Now, will UHV thermal evaporation give only metal or its oxide also?

I want only metal evaporation. Color of metal granules is some balckish spots with metallic color.

01 January 2023 5,857 3 View

Can the roughness of a film be greater than its thickness, is it mathematically possible?

While X-Ray reflectivity fitting from Globalfit software, intermediate layer of SiOx between the Silicon substrate and the film is showing higher roughness value than its thickness.

08 June 2022 9,462 2 View