The power P available in the wind impinging on a wind driven generator is given by:

P = ½CAρv3

where C is an efficiency factor known as the Power Coefficient which depends on the machine design, A is the area of the wind front intercepted by the rotor blades (the swept area), ρ is the density of the air (averaging 1.225 Kg/m3 at sea level) and v is the wind velocity.

Dear Prof. Jorge Morales Pedraza ,

Thank you for explanation the main formula for estimating Wind Power Generation,

I need for a simple paper clarifying Wind energy basics,

Regards,

Hasan

Dear Hasan,

Plz find attached a copy of my lecture that presents the principle of wind turbine and some key parameters that characterize its operation. This lecture is a part of my course "renewable energy" that I teach to Power Engineering Master students.

with regards

Dear Aissa,

Thank you very much for this lecture....

Much appreciated

Hasan

At a simplified taught-course about wind power generation, it is important lecturer to signify that, based on the equation of power calculation: P = ½CAρv3 , the synergistic role of wind velocity is much more important (as power of "3"), than that of the other variables: "C" power coefficient, "A" the swept area, and, "ρ" the density of the air (all as power of "1"). Based on this notation, it can be also stressed out that even all other variables, C A ρ, are fairly satisfactory, wind power plants/generators cannot be installed at remote areas/sites where annual average wind velocity is lower than a certain value (commonly lower than 7 m/s).

Dear Grigoriis,

Thank you so much for the answer

Much appreciated

Hasan

In above equation, the P = ½CAρv3,

The power coefficient C has maximum limit of 59.3% is known as Betz limit.

Dear Mohamed,

Thank you for this notation

Much appreciated

Hasan

If you want evaluate thrust corresponding to maximum (optimum) power output, then you have to consider the coefficient of thrust corresponding to Betz limit. This figure shows the power and thrust coefficients graph for an ideal Betz turbine and non-dimensional downstream wind speed.

Coefficient of Thrust, Ct = 4a(1-a) You can see Coefficient of thrust is maximum at axial induction factor (a) equal to 0.5. Coefficient of Power, Cp = 4a(1-a)2 But the coefficient of power less at that point and maximum at a=1/3. Therefore, maximum power output deliver at Ct = 8/9 and Cp = 16/27.

T=½CTAρV2

P=½CpAρV3

Dear Hassan, for wind energy basics, I would like to recomend the following link: https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-energy-basics

Dear colleagues,

Thank you for the answers...

You are welcome!

I recommended the following papers:

[1] Hossain MM, Ali MH. Future research directions for the wind turbine generator system. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2015;49:481–9. [2] Cheng M, Zhu Y. The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: a review. Energy Convers Manage 2014;88:332–47. [3] Kumar D, Chatterjee K. A review of conventional and advanced MPPT algorithms for wind energy systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016;55:957–70. [4] Tripathi S, Tiwari A, Singh D. Grid-integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind energy conversion systems: a technology review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2015;51:1288–305.

Dear Hossam H. H. Mousa ,

many thanks for reply,

Best regards,

Hasan

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260432036_Bioenergy_A_sustainable_Energy_Option_for_Rural_India

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318984196_Hotspots_of_Solar_Potential_in_India

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230822079_Regional_Bioenergy_Planning_for_Sustainability_in_Himachal_Pradesh_India

dear Hasan N. Muslim you can read this articles

http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ijrse.20150403.16.html

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6r1TDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=calculations+of+wind+energy+power+generation&ots=tK5uxdjNtY&sig=il9wGpLUZQOBIIXyLbHH_HdWbDI#v=onepage&q=calculations%20of%20wind%20energy%20power%20generation&f=false

Dear Hasan N. Muslim,

I would recommend you the following book:

W. Shepherd, D.W. Shepherd, Energy Studies, Imperial College Press, London, 2005.

Chapter 10 is devoted to wind energy and there is a procedure with explanations how to calculate the wind energy power generation.

In addition, there is also a book "Problems and Solutions - Energy Studies", written by the same authors and published by the same publisher in 2008.

Best regards,

Risto Filkoski

Dear Risto V. Filkoski , many thanks for these books, much appreciated for the reply