Depends on what you are doing. Regular expressions are easy in script language and more work in Java Objects. So genetics may use Python and web programmers may use Java. Since there are so many web programmers, Java wins the popularity contest, but genetics research is very important for our health. So, perhaps, popularity is not the main issue?

thanks dr David for nice answer

Now Python is number one in general according IEEE Spectrum. You can see the info in this link:

https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/the-2017-top-programming-languages

You can see also the ranking of each programming language, according their use:

https://spectrum.ieee.org/static/interactive-the-top-programming-languages-2017

At least in robotics and machine learning Python is very popular, and it use is increasing due fantastic tools such as TensorFlow. I foresee more increasing in use of Python due that people likes things that are ease to use and learn, and much better if there is a good community and a set of excellent libraries to support your work.

Thanks enrique for answer

Thank you all for recommending my question-----ajit

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Fastest growing programming languages in 2018: Why these two upstarts are outpacing the rest

Two languages in particular are winning over developers faster than rivals, according to the latest figures from developer-focused analyst RedMonk.

By Nick Heath | March 9, 2018, 4:11 AM PST

Python may have been the fastest growing programming language last year, but it's far from the only language to be enjoying a meteoric rise in popularity.

Unsurprisingly, it's two primarily mobile-focused languages that are winning over developers faster than rivals, according to the latest figures from developer-focused analyst RedMonk.

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RedMonk analyst Stephen O'Grady said that Swift, Apple's language that supercedes Objective-C for programming iOS and macOS devices, has been growing at an "incredible rate", jumping up 44 places in RedMonk's language rankings in the latter half of 2017.

"In a world in which it's incredibly difficult to break into the Top 25 of language rankings, let alone the Top 10, Swift managed the chore in less than four years," he said, adding that Swift is now as popular as its predecessor Objective-C, a feat he described as the "changing of the guard".

"It remains a growth phenomenon, even if its ability to penetrate the server side has not met expectations."

Another language that almost matched Swift's stellar growth in popularity is Kotlin. Kotlin is a modern alternative to Java that is easy to learn and use, and which shot up from number 46 to 27 in the RedMonk rankings in the back half of 2017.

Kotlin has been described by a Netflix senior software engineer as offering "some of the best features of other languages" combined with "interoperability with Java".

The open source, statically-typed language gained major traction last year, when Google threw its weight behind Kotlin and announced it was an officially supported language on Android.

"As we noted in our last run, the combination of Kotlin's attractiveness to Java developers and its elevation to first class citizen on the Android platform seemed to indicate the language was poised for a major jump," said O'Grady.

"Kotlin is one of the fastest growing languages in the world at present, and for good reason. What will be particularly interesting to watch is whether Kotlin can achieve a foothold in mainstream enterprise applications. This would give it an avenue for growth that Swift lacks at present."

Also surging in popularity were Mozilla's language Rust, Microsoft's PowerShell, the data analytics language R and Microsoft's JavaScript superset TypeScript.

O'Grady also noted that Go — the Google-created, devops-focused programming language — had actually dropped one place in the rankings, after holding steady at number 15 for two quarters.

"The trajectory doesn't give much hope that Go will resume its rapid upward climb anytime soon," he said.

"Nor does the language itself; while its reputation as a back end language is unquestioned, it lacks the versatility of comparable languages like Java that would grant it access to new markets and thus new growth."

RedMonk's overall programming language rankings for the first quarter of 2018 were pretty much in line with other round-ups.

1 JavaScript

2 Java

3 Python

4 PHP

5 C#

6 C++

7 CSS

8 Ruby

9 C

10 (Joint) Swift

10 (Joint) Objective-C

12 (Joint) Shell

12 (Joint) R

14 (Joint) TypeScript

14 (Joint) Scala

16 Go

17 PowerShell

18 Perl

19 Haskell

20 Lua

The RedMonk language rankings are compiled based on the number of pull requests for code repositories on the hosting service GitHub and tags on questions on the programming Q&A site StackOverflow. O'Grady said the methodology had changed recently, but not in a way that would have a significant impact on relative rankings.

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/fastest-growing-programming-languages-in-2018-why-these-two-upstarts-are-outpacing-the-rest/?ftag=TRE20d3f17&bhid=22564588835969955918174836255598

Not in all the domain. Both are very strong in the industry. Due to the open source, number of packages developed in regular perspective, easiness Python may be replace java in the particular domain like NLP, Data Analytics, Machine Learning etc.

thanks dr Gurusamy