Why the heating up of and cooling is down of land faster than water this affects the weather at that place?
Land surfaces absorb much more solar radiation than water. Water reflects most solar radiation that reaches its surface back to the atmosphere. Since land absorbs more solar radiation the land surface retains more heat as do the vegetation for energy. Thus, land surfaces warm more quickly than water.
Sorry, I don't agree with Rk Naresh. Looking at earth from space shows that seas are darker than land, and therefore absorb more sunlight. However, the thermal capacity of water is about 4 times that of earth and stones, and therefore lakes and sea heating (or cooling at night) is slower. Another reason for temperature stability of water volumes is that currents mix warm and cold water.
Besides, this affects the weather in lands close to large waters by creating breezes, flowing from waters to land during the day and the contrary at night, because of the temperature differences. These also cool down the neighboring lands in summer and keep them not too cold in winter.
The specific heat capacity of land is less than that of the sea. Hence, it heats up faster as compared to water. Sea breezes occur when land heats up faster than water, rising and creating a low pressure system. The high pressure air from the sea influxes, creating a sea breeze. In contrast to the ocean the sun's rays do not to penetrate deep into the earth but are confined to the top few inches of soil. Consequently, temperature fluctuations between daytime and nighttime are much greater over land than over water. It takes less energy to change the temperature of land compared to water. This means that land heats and cools more quickly than water and this difference affects the climate of different areas on Earth. Different energy transfer processes also contribute to different rates of heating between land and water. The specific heat capacity of land is less than that of the water. Even though, both sea and land are receiving the same amount heat energy from Sun, the temperature of land rises faster than sea. Land has lower heat capacity and requires less heat to increase its temperature and water has higher heat capacity and requires more heat to increase its temperature. Hence land heats up and cools down faster than water. Solar heating of the Earth's surface is uneven because land heats faster than water, and this causes air to warm, expand and rise over land while it cools and sinks over the cooler water surfaces. The earth is tilted on its axis and the rays of the sun are falling directly on the equator which produces heat at the equator more than the other region. They fall slanting as we move north or south of the equatorial region. This heat also depends on the revolution of the earth.The heat capacity of the ocean is much greater than that of the atmosphere or the land. As a result, the ocean slowly warms in the summer, keeping air cool, and it slowly cools in winter, keeping the air warm.
I agreed with Mr. Alian Roulet's clear explanation and answer. In addition, the atmospheric instability and also the lapse rate will help for this scenario.
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