The distance from the road is considered an important input feature for machine learning earth science models because roads can have various environmental impacts that affect natural ecosystems and land use patterns.
For example, the construction of roads can lead to deforestation, fragmentation of habitats, and changes in hydrological cycles, which can alter the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species. Moreover, the traffic and pollution generated by roads can affect air quality, water quality, and soil health, which can further influence ecological processes.
By including the distance from the road as an input feature, machine learning models can better capture the spatial patterns and relationships between environmental variables and road proximity. This can help researchers and policymakers make informed decisions about land use planning, conservation, and natural resource management.