Several ac manufacturing company use steam activation to produce ac from coconut shells. I am writing up my doctoral thesis and I have utilized AC from coconut shells activated with steam. I think that I should explain the reason why this activation is used. Do you have any suggestion for me? or explanation?
Thanks!
You can search publication on how micropores are specifically generated when steam activation is carried out and/or micro-meso pores with CO2 activation.
Activation with steam is cheaper (as water is indeed much cheaper than pure CO2), and requires lower temperatures (typically 700 - 800°) than CO2 (typically 900°C). For general-purpose activated carbons, the development of the porosity is far enough with steam, and therefore doesn't require the need of the much more expensive CO2, which produces narrower pores in general.
Alain
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