The most important step of city planning for sustainability is to provide comfort to the population in all uses according to environmental development and sustainable cities.

The study of heat islands to address them on site and change the environment in accordance with sustainable green cities

Or try to change the use that causes the heat to rise.

Studies have established that urbanization is the main factor responsible for the difference in LST in urban and rural areas termed Urban Heat Island(UHI). However, urbanization is a very broad concept and entails different activities which contributes to the increased temperature in Urban areas like construction leading to deforestation, additional release of anthropogenic heat, increased energy consumption among others. As long as the management of urban environment remains the responsibility of Urban Planners, planners needs to understand the basic concepts of UHI and how it responds to different aspect of urban development especially now that UHI has been conceptualized as a dynamic phenomenon with varying spatial and thematic characteristics across urban areas.

Thank @Adeniran for your wonderful contribution to this discussion.

Urban planners are widely regarded as the managers of our cities. As such, they should be capable of tackling problems and contributing meaningful solutions to contemporary environmental problems which LST is quite inclusive. Also, urban planners actually border about this phenomenon and this is evident in our planning standards whereby you're permitted to build certain percentage of your plot and landscape the other part. Unfortunately, One of the long term result of inadequate compliance to planning standards by developers is LST as the proportion of built up areas will relatively be on the high side at the detriment of nature. In conclusion, to manage the rise of LST, I would suggest urban planners have a big role to play in the aspect of compliance to planning standards by developers.

@Kayode Nelson

Thank you for your response. In the context of landscaping, the challenges posed by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) require a redefinition of landscaping materials to be used, especially in terms of mitigation and adaptation. For instance, areas substantially

landscaped with impermeable materials might further compound the UHI problem.

Since urbanisation remains the birth of urban planning, we must be increasingly concerned about its adversaries.

UHIE in simple sentence is increasing heat boom in cities than the hinterlands. This is, however, due to continous invasion of cities by population, urban processes and operations.

We can recall that as planners, the state of the future in the next 50, 100years...is our guiding principle. It is more than given that the hotter the intra city, the more the energy consumption and the more the carbon generated due to automobile dependency, human metabolism, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation due to urban development, industrial and commercial operations etc which are the major emitters of carbon (secondment abundant greenhouse gas).

To this end, there follows a heat wave, extensive run off as a result of increasing concretization, flooding etc. How to make cities play a pivotal role in standing against nature threats dominate the thinking of 21st century planners. I think we must be genuinely concerned more than ever before about UHIE which is one of the root causes of these problems.

May I also add that if we are not concerned about UHIE, then why are we advocating for green spaces? Is it not to partly play eco system service role?

So as a risk and disaster manager, urban green expert, urban agriculture expert, expert in urban design etc., We have one common enemy and that's UHI. We must make life habitable for succeeding generations.

@Olalekan Aduloju

I will like to express my gratitude for your contribution.

Considering its relationship with urbanization climate change. In this respect, Urban Heat Island is undoubtedly a problem for urban planners.

Urban Planning creates opportunity to

synthesize case-specific mitigation and adaptation inside land use plans which in turn helps to address the very many risks associated with urban heat island.

Lewis Keeble , definition of Town Planning which is commonly adopted into Urban Planning is all about the art and science of ordering land use and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience and beauty. Now when we speak about the negative effect of an Urban heat Island, a very good example is the impacts it has on our health. So if has town planners we are concerned about ordering land uses to make people convenient, we should also be concerned about the fact that the land use ordering we are carrying out is also having negative effects on the life of people and should therefore find solutions to it.

@Peter Durojaye

Thank you for your contribution.

@John Adedoyin Ageh

I appreciate your response.

Urban and Regional Planning is majorly about bringing the environment into order. Increase in population leads to corresponding increase in demand for infrastructures and basic amenities of life that makes living worthwhile. When these happens, vegetation cover is replaced with hard surface materials as these materials retains heat which makes living inconvenient and as such, the concept to liveability is tampered with. Thus, a conscious effort must be made to guide the development of urban areas which is the duty of the urban managers of which an Urban planner oversees

Thank you for you contribution @Onibaba Paul

The most important step of city planning for sustainability is to provide comfort to the population in all uses according to environmental development and sustainable cities.

The study of heat islands to address them on site and change the environment in accordance with sustainable green cities

Or try to change the use that causes the heat to rise.

Another angle to this discussion is to note that urbanization is one of the greatest drivers of global change in recent times and with it comes intensity in urban heat islands especially in my mega cities. Mitigating urban heat island becomes a concern for us as planners because of our goal of promoting sustainable development and also creating conducive environment for urban residents. More worrisome, is the spate and trends of urbanization in the Global South, where increased rate of urbanization is projected. Hence, planners have a responsibility in addressing this problem in order to protect urban economy and the environment

The world today has become more aware of its interconnectedness than before. We are seeing connections between medicine, tech, and policy, just to mention one. This interconnection is not limited to tech alone but the entire sector that man affects whether directly or indirectly. This is the same with urban planning and land surface temperature.

Land surface temperature is related to climate change which is an ever-present phenomenon that has continued to be one of the major focuses in international development. Since it is important to development, it is important to urban planning, because today, urban planning has gone beyond the traditional subdivision of land alone to include far-reaching influence on how people live, interact with each other, and go about their daily businesses.