In tissue engineering, the need for biomaterials primarily stems from their crucial role in facilitating the tissue regeneration process. Biomaterials effectively transport cells, thereby promoting regeneration [1]. The goal of tissue engineering is to repair and regenerate damaged tissues through various methods, and biomaterials play an essential role in this process [2]. Design considerations that account for the interaction between biomaterials and cells, as well as their topology and morphology, are critical for tissue engineering [3]. Biomaterials are not only required to mimic the structure and function of natural tissues but also need to interact with cells to achieve specific biological effects [4]. Furthermore, tissue engineering employs biomaterials as scaffolds for constructing tissue substitutes or regeneration, which is crucial for its success [6]. The development of biomaterials aims to achieve specific functionalities for a certain period and maintain sustainability to meet the demands of tissue engineering [10]. In tissue engineering, biomaterials are typically used to construct a temporary framework (scaffold), similar to natural tissues, and provide support [13]. The selection and design of biomaterials need to consider their applications in tissue regeneration and how they interact with cells to promote repair and regeneration of tissues [12]. Overall, the application of biomaterials in tissue engineering is multifaceted, from cell transport to tissue regeneration, making these materials key to the success of tissue engineering [6].

References: [1] "Cell transport" [2] "Tissue engineering process" [3] "Design considerations" [4] "Biological effects" [6] "Scaffolds for tissue engineering" [10] "Sustainability in biomaterials" [12] "Cell interaction" [13] "Temporary framework (scaffold)"

Biomaterials play a crucial role in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide structural and biochemical support for cell growth, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Here are the primary reasons for their necessity:

Biomaterials act as scaffolds that maintain the three-dimensional architecture required for tissue formation.

They provide mechanical strength and shape, ensuring cells can attach, proliferate, and organize into functional tissues.

Cellular Environment

Biomaterials mimic the natural ECM, offering biochemical cues that guide cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. They can be engineered to release growth factors, nutrients, or bioactive molecules to promote tissue growth.

Biomaterials are designed to be biocompatible, minimizing immune responses and rejection.

Many are biodegradable, breaking down into harmless byproducts as new tissue replaces the scaffold.

Biomaterials can act as carriers for drugs or growth factors, allowing controlled and localized delivery to enhance tissue regeneration and prevent infections.

Advanced fabrication techniques, like 3D printing, allow biomaterials to be customized to fit patient-specific defects or injuries.

They can be tailored for different tissue types—bone, cartilage, skin, or muscle.

Biomaterials promote faster tissue repair by stimulating natural regenerative processes, reducing the need for extensive surgeries or donor tissues.

Engineered tissues created using biomaterials provide in vitro models for studying disease mechanisms, drug testing, and toxicology screening.