I noticed that the total precipitable water amount in NVAP-M (NASA Water Vapor Project, here: https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/nvap/climate_total-precipitable-water_table) is larger than HOAPS (version 3.2, http://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=HOAPS_V001) and TPWV7 (RSS version 7 microwave, http://www.remss.com/measurements/atmospheric-water-vapor/tpw-1-deg-product).
I was looking at 1988-2006 mean annual cycles, and the NVAP is higher than the other two almost everywhere over ocean, particularly ITCZ.
Is this a known feature and any explanations to the difference?
Thanks in advance.