Quantum adiabatic system has a slowly varying hamiltonian respect to time. The dynamics of the wavefunction is automatically slow. It is interesting if we can speed up that process without leaving any distrubances in initial and final wavefunction.
Logical error of the second law of thermodynamics:
1. There are many kinds of type 2 perpetual motion machines. Behind each type is a natural phenomenon.
Machine A: against the irreversibility of thermodynamics (diffusion, heat conduction, friction, etc) - dynamics;
Machine B: Utilizing the Difference of Carnot Efficiency (Reversible Thermodynamics) - Thermodynamics
2. A and B belong to different disciplines. There is a parallel relationship between them, and there is no logical mutual inevitability.
Heat 2 Logic: Experience induction, deny that A machine==》 B machine can not be manufactured==》 All material Kano efficiency: 1-T1/T2.
3. Logical of the second law of thermodynamics violates the physical logic that A and B cannot be inferred from each other.
4. the second law of thermodynamics elevates the "irreversibility", but it is only a kinetic experience.
5. See the annex for details.
1，Charge moves Brownian in the container.
2，The electric field in space varies. There is an inductive current on the nearby conductor.
3，The temperature of the conductor increases, while the temperature of the container A decreases.
4，This is inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics. Is the second law of thermodynamics correct? Judge for yourself.
See pictures for details.
Entropy is not a state variable, and there is a physical difference between it and internal energy.
In the textbook, the ideal gas entropy: S = n * Cv * In (T) +nR * In (V);
There are two problems:
1. The natural logarithm In(x) will submerge the unit system of volume and temperature [m3], [K].
2. The unit of temperature may be [K], or [mK]; the unit of volume may be [m3], or [cm3]. The results are different and the calculation lacks stability.
Entropy is only a process quantity: DS = n * Cv * In (T2/T1) + nR * In (V2/V1); it has physical significance.
Internal energy is a state quantity, and entropy is only a process quantity. There are physical differences between them.
Internal energy U is conserved and can have the meaning of total differential dU = Ut * dT + Uv * dV - correct.
Entropy is only a process quantity, not a state quantity. Total differential is meaningless: dS = St * dT + Sv * dV - - incorrect.
Entropy is not conservative, even in reversible cycles, it can increase or decrease.
Thermodynamics has some problems in describing ideal gases.
Comparison of New and Old Thermodynamics
1. Logic of the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Subjectivism, Logical Jump, Interdisciplinary Argumentation.
2. New thermodynamics pursues universality, two theoretical cornerstones:
2.1 Boltzmann formula: ro=A*exp(-Mgh/RT) - Isotope centrifugal separation experiments show that it is suitable for gases and liquids.
2.2. Hydrostatic equilibrium: applicable to gases and liquids.
3. The second and third sonic virial coefficients of R143a derived from the new thermodynamics are in agreement with the experimental results.
3.1. The third velocity Virial coefficient derived is in agreement with the experimental data, which shows that the theory is still correct when the critical density is reached.
4. See Appendix Pictures and Documents for details.
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