Measured energy consumption in same types of buildings (residential or commercial across the world), represented in EUI (Energy Use Intensity), varies by a factor of 3 or more.
The performance gap exists for many reasons you need to be very specific in how you define “same types of buildings”. The buildings may be the same type but not necessarily the same detail of construction, even the joinery utilised will vary the performance. End use can dramatically affect the performance as well, behaviour of the residents is often different. Climatic conditions not only from the point of view of where the building is but also due to the end user’s acclimatisation. Siting of the building, it directionality to the sun and related to other buildings, air pressure from prevailing wind directions and the air-tightness of the envelope are all factors. Rarely would you have “same” buildings as they are really dissimilar, production has to be controlled extremely well to achieve the uniformity, but then the end-user will be different.
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