Climate change is related with green house effect. Different gases have different contribution in green house effect. Why does CO2 is consider as major Green House Gas responsible for climate change? What property of CO2 is responsible for green house effect?
Start by studying the latest (5th) IPCC Assessment Report available from
http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
and in particular Chapter 8 on "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing". Section 8.1 explain the concept of radiative forcing, and Table 8.2 later on in this chapter compares the radiative forcings of the main greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is the heat-trapping gas primarily responsible for the rise but methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and various other very long-lived heat-trapping gases also contribute. Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because its rate of increase is exerting a larger overall warming influence than all of those other gases combined, and because carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere will remain elevated for centuries unless we implement a way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere effectively and economically.
Even more simply: RF is the difference in incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of the atmosphere (actually at the top of the troposphere; this is the air that is contact with the surface of the Earth). RF is discussed in AR4 of IPCC
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